Abstract
Purpose
Hot compared to cold drinks alter sweating responses during very low intensity exercise in temperate conditions. The thermoregulatory, perceptual, and performance effects of hot compared to cold drinks in hot, dry conditions during high-intensity exercise have not been examined.
Method
Ten participants [mean ± SD characteristics age 25 ± 5 years, height 1.81 ± 0.07 m, body mass 73.5 ± 10.6 kg, maximal power output (PMax) 350 ± 41 W] completed two conditions, where they drank four boluses (ingested at − 9, 15, 30, and 45 min, respectively) of 3.2 mL kg− 1 (~ 960 mL total) of either a COLD (5.3 °C) or a HOT drink (49.0 °C), which were contrasted to a no-drink CONTROL. They cycled for 60-min [55% PMax in hot (34.4 °C) dry (34% RH)] ambient conditions followed by a test to exhaustion (TTE; 80% PMax). The thermoregulatory, performance, and perceptual implications of drink temperature were measured.
Results
TTE was worse in the CONTROL (170 ± 132 s) than the COLD drink (371 ± 272 s; p = 0.021) and HOT drink conditions (367 ± 301 s; p = 0.038) which were not different (p = 0.965). Sweat responses [i.e., reflex changes in mean skin temperature (Tmsk) and galvanic skin conductance] indicated transient reductions in sweating response after COLD drink ingestion. The COLD drink improved thermal comfort beyond the transient changes in sweating.
Conclusion
Only COLD drink ingestion changed thermoregulation, but improved perceptual response. Accordingly, we conclude a role for gut thermoreception in thermal perception during exercise in hot, dry conditions.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- ACSM:
-
American College of Sports Medicine
- FI:
-
Fixed intensity
- GSC:
-
Galvanic skin conductance
- GC:
-
Gut comfort
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- P Max :
-
Maximal power output
- T msk :
-
Mean skin temperature
- RPE:
-
Rating of perceived exertion
- T rec :
-
Rectal temperature
- RH:
-
Relative humidity
- SkW:
-
Skin wetness
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- TTE:
-
Test to exhaustion
- TC:
-
Thermal comfort
- TS:
-
Thermal sensation
- WBGT:
-
Wet bulb, globe, temperature
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This work was funded by a research grant from the European Hydration Institute.
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Communicated by Narihiko Kondo.
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Barwood, M.J., Goodall, S. & Bateman, J. The effect of hot and cold drinks on thermoregulation, perception, and performance: the role of the gut in thermoreception. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 2643–2654 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3987-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3987-8