Abstract
Purpose
We quantified the contribution of skin blood flow (SkBF) to tissue oxygenation/deoxygenation of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle during cutaneous vasodilation.
Methods
Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TRS-NIRS) was utilized to measure the potential influence of optical factors [mean optical pathlength (PL) and coefficients of absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (\(\mu_{s}^{{\prime }}\))] on the NIRS-derived signals of eight male subjects.
Results
The approximately threefold elevation of SkBF during 1 h whole-body heating (increased internal temperature ~0.9 °C) increased both μa and \(\mu_{s}^{{\prime }}\) without changing PL. Assuming that the \(\mu_{s}^{{\prime }}\) coefficient remained constant, i.e., as with continuous-wave (CW) NIRS, resulted in a significant increase in the apparent oxygenation [oxy(Hb + Mb), from 113 ± 13 μM (mean ± SD) for control to 126 ± 13 for the increased SkBF condition, P < 0.01]: this was in marked contrast to the unchanged TRS-derived values. The deoxygenation [deoxy(Hb + Mb)] also increased from control to elevated SkBF (CW-NIRS, from 39 ± 8 to 45 ± 7; TRS, from 38 ± 6 to 44 ± 7 μM; P < 0.01 for both), but less than that seen for oxy(Hb + Mb) and not different between TRS- and CW-NIRS. Further, and in contrast to oxy(Hb + Mb), temporal profiles of deoxy(Hb + Mb) measured by the two NIRS methods were not different.
Conclusions
These findings support use of either NIRS method to estimate local muscle fractional O2 extraction, but not oxygenation, when SkBF is increased at rest.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- μa :
-
Coefficient of absorption
- \(\mu_{s}^{{\prime }}\) :
-
Coefficient of reduced scattering
- CW-NIRS:
-
Continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy
- DPF:
-
Differential pathlength factor
- FWHM:
-
Full width at half maximum
- Hb + Mb:
-
Hemoglobin + myoglobin
- PL:
-
Optical pathlength
- \({\dot{\text{Q}}\text{o}}_{ 2}\) :
-
Oxygen delivery
- Ca-vO2 :
-
Oxygen extraction
- \({\dot{\text{V}}\text{o}}_{2}\) :
-
Oxygen utilization
- PO2 :
-
Partial pressure of oxygen
- SkBF:
-
Skin blood flow
- TRS-NIRS:
-
Time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy
- TOI:
-
Tissue oxygenation index
- StO2 :
-
Tissue saturation
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Acknowledgments
Grants: This investigation was supported by a grant for scientific research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid 18207019) to S. Koga.
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No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
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Communicated by Guido Ferretti.
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Koga, S., Poole, D.C., Kondo, N. et al. Effects of increased skin blood flow on muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation: comparison of time-resolved and continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Eur J Appl Physiol 115, 335–343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3019-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3019-2