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The peroxisome: an update on mysteries

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Abstract

Peroxisomes contribute to several crucial metabolic processes such as β-oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of ether phospholipids and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, which render them indispensable to human health and development. Peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles that rapidly assemble, multiply and degrade in response to metabolic needs. In recent years, the interest in peroxisomes and their physiological functions has significantly increased. This review intends to highlight recent discoveries and trends in peroxisome research, and represents an update as well as a continuation of a former review article. Novel exciting findings on the biological functions, biogenesis, formation and degradation of peroxisomes, on peroxisomal dynamics and division, as well as on the interaction and cross-talk of peroxisomes with other subcellular compartments are addressed. Furthermore, recent findings on the role of peroxisomes in the brain are discussed.

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Abbreviations

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FA:

Fatty acid

MDVs:

Mitochondria-derived vesicles

Pex:

Peroxin

PMP:

Peroxisomal membrane protein

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

PTS:

Peroxisomal targeting signal

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

VLCFA:

Very long-chain fatty acids

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the members of the laboratory for stimulating discussions and comments on the manuscript and we apologize to those whose work has not been cited owing to space limitations. This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER (PTDC/SAU-OSM/103647/2008; PTDC/BIA-BCM/099613/2008; SFRH/BPD/74428/2010 to M. I.), CRUP/DAAD (ACÇÕES INTEGRADAS—2010) and the University of Aveiro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Markus Islinger, Sandra Grille & Michael Schrader

  2. Division of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    H. Dariush Fahimi

  3. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK

    Michael Schrader

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  1. Markus Islinger
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  2. Sandra Grille
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  3. H. Dariush Fahimi
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  4. Michael Schrader
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Correspondence to Michael Schrader.

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Islinger, M., Grille, S., Fahimi, H.D. et al. The peroxisome: an update on mysteries. Histochem Cell Biol 137, 547–574 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-012-0941-4

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