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The effect of latency on surgical performance and usability in a three-dimensional heads-up display visualization system for vitreoretinal surgery

  • Retinal Disorders
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Abstract

Purpose

Although latency has been cited as a disadvantage of the three-dimensional heads-up display (3D HUD) visualization system for vitreoretinal surgery, there have been no publications evaluating the effect of latency on surgical performance.

Methods

Thirty participants conducted two tasks (external suturing and inner limiting membrane peeling) on a 3D HUD at 4 levels of latency: 50 ms (ms), 68 ms, 92 ms, and 122 ms. The task completion time was measured and patients answered a subjective questionnaire on usability.

Results

No difference in completion times was found between different levels of latencies in either task. Regarding usability, significant decreases were found at 122 ms for both the suturing and peeling task overall, but for experienced HUD users, there was less of a decrease.

Conclusion

This study is the first to evaluate the effect of latency on 3D HUD for vitreoretinal surgery. The levels of latency in the current models of 3D HUD are unlikely to contribute to a decrease in surgical performance and usability with current technologies which have a latency of 70 ms.

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Funding

Funding was in part provided by a grant from Alcon, Inc. The authors had complete and independent control of the data and manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada

    David Ta Kim & David Chow

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  1. David Ta Kim
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  2. David Chow
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Ta Kim.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Toronto and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interest

Dr. Ta Kim and Dr. Chow are consultants for Alcon.

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Ta Kim, D., Chow, D. The effect of latency on surgical performance and usability in a three-dimensional heads-up display visualization system for vitreoretinal surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 260, 471–476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05388-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05388-6

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