Abstract
Purpose
To measure the thickness of the inferior oblique muscle (IOM) among Japanese by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a new technique.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included 78 patients (36 males and 42 females) who underwent MRI for detection of a unilateral orbital lesion or examining causes of unilateral retrobulbar pain. The thickness of the IOM was measured on the side without the orbital lesion or symptom. On the quasi-sagittal plane through the optic nerve, the major and minor axes of the cross-section of the IOM were measured. On the coronal plane, the maximum thickness perpendicular to the course of the IOM was measured. All measurements were performed using the digital caliper tool of the viewing software.
Results
The major and minor axes on the quasi-sagittal plane and the maximum IOM thickness on the coronal plane were 8.00 ± 1.83 mm, 2.98 ± 0.55 mm, 3.04 ± 0.55 mm respectively. There were no significant differences in IOM thickness measurements between sexes and sides (P > 0.050, Student’s t-test). No significant correlation with the major axis (r = 0.064, P = 0.576), minor axis (r = −0.065, P = 0.573) or the maximum thickness on the coronal plane (r = −0.099, P = 0.387) was found in relation to age (Pearson’s correlation coefficient).
Conclusions
The normative IOM thickness in Japanese was presented on MRI, which were similar among all ages irrespective of sex and side. The new technique we used is easily applicable, and the results may serve as a guide to detect IOM involvement in inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the orbit.
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All authors qualify for authorship based on contributions to the conception and design (YT), acquisition of data (YT), literature search (MSS and YT), and analyses and interpretation of data (MSS, HK, and YT). All authors contributed to drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.
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All authors have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
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The Institutional Review Board granted a waiver of informed consent for this study based on the ethical guidelines for medical and health research involving human subjects established by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology and by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. The waiver was granted because the study was a retrospective chart review, not an interventional study, and because it was difficult to obtain consent from patients who had been treated several years ago. Nevertheless, at the request of the Institutional Review Board, we published an outline of the study, available for public viewing, on the Aichi Medical University website; this also gave patients the opportunity to decline participation in the study. None of the patients declined to participate. Personal identifiers were removed from the records prior to data analysis.
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Sabundayo, M.S., Kakizaki, H. & Takahashi, Y. Normative measurements of inferior oblique muscle thickness in Japanese by magnetic resonance imaging using a new technique. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 256, 839–844 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3871-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3871-y