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Geochemical zonation of the Miocene Alborán Basin volcanism (westernmost Mediterranean): geodynamic implications

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Abstract

We present new major and trace element and O–Sr–Nd-isotope data for igneous rocks from the western Mediterranean Alborán Sea, collected during the METEOR 51/1 cruise, and for high-grade schists and gneisses from the continental Alborán basement, drilled during the Ocean Drilling Programme (ODP Leg 161, Site 976). The geochemical data allow a detailed examination of crustal and mantle processes involved in the petrogenesis of the lavas and for the first time reveal a zonation of the Miocene Alborán Sea volcanism: (1) a keel-shaped area of LREE-depleted (mainly tholeiitic series) lavas in the central Alborán Sea, generated by high degrees of partial melting of a depleted mantle source and involving hydrous fluids from subducted marine sediments, that is surrounded by (2) a horseshoe-shaped zone with LREE-enriched (mainly calc-alkaline series) lavas subparallel to the arcuate Betic-Gibraltar-Rif mountain belt. We propose that the geochemical zonation of the Miocene Alborán Basin volcanism results from eastward subduction of Tethys oceanic lithosphere coupled with increasing lithospheric thickness between the central Alborán Sea and the continental margins of Iberia and Africa.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the German Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Auswärtiges Amt), the Leitstelle METEOR, Capt. M. Kull and the crew of the METEOR 51/1 cruise for their excellent support before and during the cruise. The curator at the Bremen Core Repository (BCR) of the Integrated/Ocean Drilling Program (I/ODP) is acknowledged for donation of the Alborán metamorphic basement samples drilled at ODP Site 976 (request number #18734A). Thanks go to H. Anders and I. Martelock (Univ. of Bremen), D. Rau (IFM-GEOMAR) and C. Roberts (RHUL) for analytical assistance. We greatly appreciate David Peate′s constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and discussions with Guillermo Booth-Rea, Carlos Carrido, Robin Gill, Martin Menzies and Klaus Reicherter. Juan M. Fernandez-Soler is thanked for earlier discussions regarding the Alborán Sea volcanism and his support in preparing our first attempt to reach the Alborán Island with a chartered boat in 1999 that unfortunately failed due to bad weather conditions. We thank Hilary Downes and two anonymous reviewers and the editor (Jochen Hoefs) for their constructive comments and suggestions. The METEOR 51/1 cruise and the project was funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF, Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, grants HO1833/9 and −11). SD′s stays at RHUL, Copenhagen and IFM-GEOMAR was made possible by a UK Royal Society/Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship to MFT followed by a research fellowship to SD by the DFG (grants DU426/1-1,2 and 3-1) and grant HO1833/16-1, during which the paper was written.

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  1. Research Division Dynamics of the Ocean Floor, IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany

    S. Duggen, K. Hoernle, J. Geldmacher & F. Hauff

  2. Department of Geology (now Department of Earth Sciences), Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX, UK

    S. Duggen, M. Thirlwall, D. Lowry & N. Oates

  3. Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 5—Geowissenschaften, Postfach 33 04 40, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    A. Klügel

  4. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX, 77845-9547, USA

    J. Geldmacher

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Duggen, S., Hoernle, K., Klügel, A. et al. Geochemical zonation of the Miocene Alborán Basin volcanism (westernmost Mediterranean): geodynamic implications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 156, 577–593 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-008-0302-4

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