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Psychische Komorbidität und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit implantierbarem Kardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)

Psychological comorbidity and quality of life in patients with an implantable cardioverter/defribrillator (ICD)

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Zusammenfassung

Die leitlinienkonforme ICD-Therapie ist bei Hochrisikopatienten das Mittel zur Wahl zur Verhütung eines plötzlichen Herztodes. Die CIDS-Studie konnte eine signifikante Überlegenheit der ICD-Therapie gegenüber der Amiodaron-Therapie belegen. Die Überlebensvorteile können jedoch durch schädigende Nebeneffekte der ICD-Therapie beeinträchtigt werden. Die therapeutische Überlebensfunktion des Gerätes ist mit einem in der Regel bewusst erlebten, gleichzeitig völlig unerwarteten und unvorbereiteten intrakardialem Schockerleben verknüpft. Mit einer solchen Schockauslösung haben im ersten Jahr nach Implantation 30–50% der ICD-Träger mit sekundärpräventiver Indikation zu rechnen. Die durchschnittliche Schockapplikationshäufigkeit pro Jahr (bei eher regulärem Verlauf) beträgt ca. 2,5 Schocks. Das Erleben von einem oder mehreren ICD-Schocks ist signifikant mit einer Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität verbunden. Insbesondere bei einer Applikation von 5 und mehr intrakardialen Schocks wird ein Grenzwert in der psychischen Belastbarkeit der Patienten erreicht. Partner und nahe Angehörige von ICD-Patienten stehen den patientenseitigen Anforderungen und Belastungen der ICD-Technologie oft hilflos gegenüber. Im gegenwärtigen Klinikalltag ist die Einbeziehung von Partnern in die Betreuung von ICD-Patienten eher ein Zufallsprodukt und wird nicht systematisch und zielorientiert betrieben. Eine verbesserte Einbeziehung der Angehörigen könnte jedoch zu einer verbesserten Prognose beitragen. ICD-Patienten betreuende Kardiologen sollte die spezifischen psychosozialen Aspekte der ICD-Technologie kennen, diese Aspekte in die Patientenführung und -betreuung integrieren sowie die Fähigkeiten besitzen, krankheitswertige negative Affekte und Krisen bei ICD-Patienten erkennen und ansprechen zu können.

Abstract

Currently, the method of choice for protection against sudden cardiac death for high-risk patients is ICD treatment. The CIDS study could prove a significant advantage of ICD treatment compared to amiodarone therapy. However, the survival advantages can be affected by the negative side effects of ICD therapy. The therapeutic survival function of the device is, in general, associated with a consciously experienced, at the same time completely unexpected and unprepared intracardial shock experience. Within the first year after implantation, 30–50% of patients with an ICD for secondary preventative indications experience such a shock. The average shock application frequency per year (under normal conditions) is about 2.5 shocks. The experience of one or more ICD shocks is significantly associated with a decrease in quality of life. Particularly the experiencing of five or more intracardial shocks approaches the patient’s psychological resilience threshold. Partners and relatives of ICD patients are, on the other hand, often helpless with respect to the demands of and stress associated with the ICD technology. In current clinical practice, the involvement of the partners in the treatment of ICD patients is generally a coincidence and is generally not systematic or target-oriented. Improved involvement of relatives can contribute to an improved prognosis. Cardiologists caring for ICD patients should be aware of the specific psychological aspects of ICD technology, integrate these aspects into the guidance and care of patients, and be able to identify and address pathologically negative affects and crises in ICD patients.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: C. Kolb: Vortragstätigkeit für und Reiskostenunterstützung durch Biotronik, Medtronic, Sorin und St. Jude Medical. Beratungstätigkeit für Biotronik und St. Jude Medical. Durchführung von klinischen Studien, die durch Biotronik, Medtronik, Sorin und St. Jude Medical finanziell unterstützt werden/wurden. K.-H. Ladwig: Vortragstätigkeit für und Reiskostenunterstützung durch Medtronic. Durchführung von klinischen Studien, die durch Biotronik finanziell unterstützt werden.

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Ladwig, K., Ronel, J., Baumert, J. et al. Psychische Komorbidität und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit implantierbarem Kardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD). Herzschr. Elektrophys. 21, 129–136 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00399-010-0082-1

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