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Meat intake and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS)

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Abstract

Purpose

Excessive meat intake has been researched as a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but data on this topic in Asian patients with diabetes are sparse. The quantity and variety of available meats vary widely between Asian and Western countries. As part of a nationwide cohort study we investigated the relationship between meat intake and incidence of CVD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%.

Methods

Analyzed were 1353 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a CVD event, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dietary intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders.

Results

Mean meat intake in quartiles ranged from 9.9 to 97.7 g/day. After adjusting for confounders, HRs of CHD in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles for meat intake compared with the 1st quartile were 2.84 (95% confidence interval 1.29–6.24, p = 0.01), 3.02 (1.36–6.70, p < 0.01), and 2.99 (1.35–6.65, p = 0.01), respectively. In two groups according to meat intake, patients consuming ≥ 20 g/day of meat had a 2.94-fold higher risk of CHD than those consuming < 20 g/day (p < 0.01). There was no significant association of stroke with meat intake.

Conclusions

An elevated incidence of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with high meat intake.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the late Professor Nobuhiro Yamada, who was a former director of the JDCS and always provided warm spiritual support to us all. We also thank Ms. Mami Haga and Ms. Natsuko Tada, Niigata University for their excellent secretarial assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan

    Chika Horikawa

  2. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan

    Chika Horikawa, Satoshi Matsunaga, Kazuya Fujihara & Hirohito Sone

  3. Training Department of Administrative Dietitians, Shikoku University, 123-1 Ebisuno, Furukawa, Ojin-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 771-1151, Japan

    Chiemi Kamada & Yukio Yoshimura

  4. Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Shiro Tanaka

  5. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Sihga, 520-2192, Japan

    Sachiko Tanaka

  6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Atsushi Araki & Hideki Ito

  7. Department of Integrated Science and Engineering of Sustainable Society, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan

    Yasuo Ohashi

  8. The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Nihonbashibakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan

    Yasuo Akanuma

Authors
  1. Chika Horikawa
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  2. Chiemi Kamada
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  3. Shiro Tanaka
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  4. Sachiko Tanaka
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  5. Atsushi Araki
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  6. Hideki Ito
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  7. Satoshi Matsunaga
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  8. Kazuya Fujihara
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  9. Yukio Yoshimura
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  10. Yasuo Ohashi
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  12. Hirohito Sone
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Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hirohito Sone.

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Disclosure statement

H.S. was support by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (#16H03260) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This work is also financial support by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Horikawa, C., Kamada, C., Tanaka, S. et al. Meat intake and incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS). Eur J Nutr 58, 281–290 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1592-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1592-y

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