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Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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A Letter to the Editor to this article was published on 04 September 2019

Abstract

Purpose

Lifestyle is linked to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to analyse the association of a posteriori dietary patterns with the metabolic syndrome.

Methods

The PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for epidemiological studies of dietary patterns and MetS. The association between dietary patterns and MetS was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for MetS was 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.1 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the pooled relative risk (RR) for MetS in cohort studies was 0.91 (95 % CI 0.68, 1.21; P for heterogeneity =0.005; I 2 = 81.1 %). The pooled OR for MetS in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of Western dietary patterns was 1.28 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.40; P for heterogeneity =0.0; and I 2 = 72.0 %) in cross-sectional studies, and the RR was 0.96 (95 % CI 0.53, 1.73; P for heterogeneity =0.102; I 2 = 62.6 %) in cohort studies.

Conclusions

The results from cross-sectional studies showed that a prudent/healthy pattern is associated with a lower prevalence of MetS, whereas a Western/unhealthy is associated with an increased risk for MetS. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the association between dietary patterns and MetS.

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Authors’ contributions

Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte and Gemma Flores-Mateo formulated the research question, designed the study and carried it out, and analysed the data. Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte and Emília Sánchez discussed the results. Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte, Gemma Flores-Mateo, Emília Sánchez, Francisco Barrio and Bernardo Costa wrote the paper. All authors contributed to the revision of the manuscript and read and approved the final version.

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The preparation of the manuscript was supported by the IDIAP Jordi Gol Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blanquerna School of Health Science, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull, Padilla, 326-332, 08025, Barcelona, Spain

    Míriam Rodríguez-Monforte & Emília Sánchez

  2. Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Tarragona-Reus, Grup d’Investigació en Prevenció de la Diabetis, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Francisco Barrio, Bernardo Costa & Gemma Flores-Mateo

  3. CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain

    Gemma Flores-Mateo

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Fig. 6
figure 6

Publication bias, prudent/healthy dietary pattern

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Fig. 7
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Publication bias, Western/unhealthy dietary pattern

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Rodríguez-Monforte, M., Sánchez, E., Barrio, F. et al. Metabolic syndrome and dietary patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Nutr 56, 925–947 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1305-y

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