Zusammenfassung
Makrophagen zählen zu den phylogenetisch ältesten Zellen des Immunsystems und sind in allen Geweben und Organen zu finden. Neben einer wichtigen Rolle in der Immunantwort gegen pathogene Mikroorganismen wurde diesen Zellen bisher v. a. eine pathologische Rolle bei chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen wie der rheumatoiden Arthritis zugeschrieben. Durch neuartige Techniken wie Einzelzellsequenzierung und verbesserte Mikroskopieverfahren konnte inzwischen gezeigt werden, dass Makrophagen weitaus vielseitiger sind. So tragen diese Zellen wesentlich zur Gewebehomöostase und Geweberegeneration bei. Da jedes Gewebe spezielle Anforderungen erfüllen muss, variieren Makrophagen in ihrer Gestalt und Funktion sehr stark von Organ zu Organ. Neue Daten identifizierten nun eine spezialisierte Population von epitheloiden Makrophagen, welche im Synovialgewebe eine protektive und antientzündliche Funktion ausüben und den initialen Ausbruch sowie Schübe von Gelenkentzündungen bei rheumatoider Arthritis verhindern.
Abstract
Macrophages are among the phylogenetically oldest cells of the immune system and are found in all tissues and organs. In addition to playing an important role in immune response against pathogenic microorganisms, these cells were previously described to play a vital role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Using novel techniques such as single-cell sequencing and advanced microscopy techniques it has now been shown that macrophages are far more versatile. Thus, these cells contribute considerably to tissue homeostasis and tissue regeneration. As each tissue has to fulfill special requirements, macrophages vary in their phenotype and function between organs. New data have now identified a specialised population of epithelioid macrophages that exert a protective and anti-inflammatory function in synovial tissue and prevent the initial onset as well as episodes of joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Danksagung
Dieses Projekt wurde durch das Graduiertenprogramm GRK2599 der DFG unterstützt. Abbildungen wurden mit Biorender.com generiert.
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K. Knab, D. Chambers und G. Krönke geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Bimba F. Hoyer, Kiel
Andreas Radbruch, Berlin
Reinhold E. Schmidt, Hannover
Ulf Wagner, Leipzig
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Knab, K., Chambers, D. & Krönke, G. Protektive Makrophagen. Z Rheumatol 80, 966–971 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-01112-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-021-01112-1
Schlüsselwörter
- Synoviale Makrophagen
- Synoviale Mikroumgebung
- Residente Makrophagen
- Makrophagen Abstammung
- Makrophagen Heterogenität