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Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in a tertiary care setting in Turkey

Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren einer leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung in einer tertiären Einrichtung in der Türkei

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Abstract

Background

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between healthy cognition and dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. There is limited information on the prevalence of MCI among older Turkish adults. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of MCI in Turkey.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with community-dwelling older people who were admitted to a tertiary geriatric outpatient clinic. Information on demographics and clinical variables was obtained. We used a neuropsychological battery to assess the cognitive domains in each subject. Participants who fell below 1.5 standard deviations on 1 or more of the 5 cognitive tests were considered MCI and were classified as either single domain MCI and multiple domain MCI. Risk factors were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 259 participants were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 74.0 years (SD 7.1 years), 54% were women, and 48.3% had a low level of education (≤ 5 years). The overall prevalence of MCI was 52.1%, with 27.8% for single domain MCI and 24.3% for multiple domain MCI. The prevalence of MCI increased with age: 16.4% aged 65–74 years, 32.0% aged 75–84 years, and 40.9% ≥ 85 years. Advanced age and low educational level were risk factors for both single domain MCI (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13; p = 0.003 and OR = 3.18; 95% CI:1.7–6.1; p < 0.001) and multiple domain MCI (OR = 1.1; 95% CI:1.1–1.2; p < 0.001 and adjusted OR = 11.9; 95% CI:5.1–27.8; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

MCI was common in older Turkish people admitted to a tertiary hospital, especially in those with advanced age and low educational level.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung (MCI) ist ein Zwischenstadium zwischen gesunder Kognition und Demenz, insbesondere der Alzheimer-Krankheit. Es gibt nur begrenzte Informationen zur Prävalenz von MCI bei älteren türkischen Erwachsenen. Diese Studie zielte darauf ab, die Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren von MCI in der Türkei zu bestimmen.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine Querschnittstudie mit ambulant lebenden älteren Menschen durchgeführt, die in eine tertiäre geriatrische Ambulanz aufgenommen wurden. Es wurden Informationen zu demografischen und klinischen Variablen eingeholt. Wir verwendeten eine neuropsychologische Batterie, um die kognitiven Domänen in jedem Fach zu bewerten. Teilnehmer, die bei einem oder mehreren der fünf kognitiven Tests unter 1,5 Standardabweichungen fielen, galten als MCI und wurden als Single-Domain-MCI und Multi-Domain-MCI klassifiziert. Risikofaktoren wurden mittels univariater und multivariater logistischer Regressionsanalyse bestimmt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 259 Teilnehmer in diese Studie aufgenommen. Das mittlere Alter betrug 74,0 Jahre (Standardabweichung [SD]: 7,1), 54 % waren Frauen und 48,3 % hatten einen niedrigen Bildungsstand (≤ 5 Jahre). Die Gesamtprävalenz von MCI betrug 52,1 %, davon 27,8 % für MCI mit einer einzelnen Domäne und 24,3 % für MCI mit mehreren Domänen. Die Prävalenz von MCI nahm mit dem Alter zu: 16,4 % im Alter von 65–74 Jahren, 32,0 % im Alter von 75–84 Jahren und 40,9 % im Alter von ≥ 85 Jahren. Höheres Alter und niedriges Bildungsniveau waren Risikofaktoren sowohl für MCI in einer Domäne (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1,07; 95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 1,02–1,13; p = 0,003 und OR = 3,18; 95 % KI 1,7–6,1; p < 0,001) als auch für MCI in mehreren Domänen (OR = 1,1; 95 % KI: 1,1–1,2; p < 0,001 und angepasstes OR = 11,9; 95 % KI 5,1–27,8; p < 0,001).

Diskussion

MCI ist bei türkischen älteren Menschen in einem Krankenhaus der Tertiärstufe üblich, insbesondere bei Personen mit fortgeschrittenem Alter und niedrigem Bildungsniveau.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Geriatrics, University of Health Sciences, Gen.Dr.Tevfik Saglam Cad., 06010, Etlik, Kecioren/Ankara, Turkey

    Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi MD, Candeniz Avci MD & Hatice Tuğba Yazir MD

  2. Professor and Chair, Department of Geriatrics, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine & Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Etlik, Turkey

    Mehmet Ilkin Naharci MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi MD
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  2. Candeniz Avci MD
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  3. Hatice Tuğba Yazir MD
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  4. Mehmet Ilkin Naharci MD, PhD
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Contributions

Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi: gathered data, wrote part of the manuscript and revised other parts. Candeniz Avcı: gathered data, performed the statistical analysis, wrote part of the manuscript. Hatice Tuğba Yazır: contributed patients, gathered data and wrote part of the manuscript. Mehmet Ilkin Naharcı: conceived the idea, supervised the study and reviewed the final draft of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Betül Gülsüm Yavuz Veizi MD.

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Conflict of interest

B.G. Yavuz Veizi, C. Avci, H.T. Yazir and M.I. Naharci declare that they have no competing interests.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants or on human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study design was approved by our local ethics committee. All patients included in the study gave their written and verbal consent to participate in the study.

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Yavuz Veizi, B.G., Avci, C., Yazir, H.T. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in a tertiary care setting in Turkey. Z Gerontol Geriat 57, 113–119 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-023-02181-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-023-02181-4

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