Abstract
This study assessed complex spatial learning and memory in two species of shark, the grey bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium griseum) and the coral cat shark (Atelomycterus marmoratus). It was hypothesized that sharks can learn and apply an allocentric orientation strategy. Eight out of ten sharks successfully completed the initial training phase (by locating a fixed goal position in a diamond maze from two possible start points) within 14.9 ± 7.6 sessions and proceeded to seven sets of transfer tests, in which sharks had to perform under altered environmental conditions. Transfer tests revealed that sharks had oriented and solved the tasks visually, using all of the provided environmental cues. Unintentional cueing did not occur. Results correspond to earlier studies on spatial memory and cognitive mapping in other vertebrates. Future experiments should investigate whether sharks possess a cognitive spatial mapping system as has already been found in several teleosts and stingrays. Following the completion of transfer tests, sharks were subjected to ablation of most of the pallium, which compromised their previously acquired place learning abilities. These results indicate that the telencephalon plays a crucial role in the processing of information on place learning and allocentric orientation strategies.
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Abbreviations
- ITI:
-
Inter-trial-interval
- MS222:
-
Tricaine methanesulfonate
- PFA:
-
Paraformaldehyde
- POP:
-
Post-operative phase
- SC:
-
Starting compartment
- T1, T2, T3:
-
Transfer test 1, transfer test 2, transfer test 3
- TP:
-
Transfer phase
- TrP:
-
Training phase
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Slawa Braun for animal caretaking, maintenance and repairs. We are specifically grateful to Dr. med. Ulrich Gerigk for his valuable help with surgical sewing. The research reported herein was performed under the guidelines established by the current German animal protection law (Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW, 8.87-50.10.37.09.198).
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Fuss, T., Bleckmann, H. & Schluessel, V. Place learning prior to and after telencephalon ablation in bamboo and coral cat sharks (Chiloscyllium griseum and Atelomycterus marmoratus). J Comp Physiol A 200, 37–52 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-013-0859-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-013-0859-x