Abstract
Phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have the potential to ameliorate plant development and tolerance to deleterious effects of toxic metals like nickel (Ni). Therefore, the current study was carried out to evaluate SA and JA's interactive effect on the root antioxidative response of two Alyssum inflatum Nyár. populations against Ni-toxicity. Two A. inflatum species under different Ni concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 400 μM) were exposed to alone or combined levels of SA (0, 50, and 200 μM) and JA (0, 5, and 10 μM) treatments. Results showed that high Ni concentration (400 μM) reduced roots fresh weight in both populations than in control. However, external application of individual SA and JA or combined SA + JA in higher doses had ameliorated roots biomass by mitigating Ni-toxicity, especially in the NM population, in comparison to 400 μM Ni. Under Ni toxicity, SA and JA, especially their combination, induced high Ni accumulation in plants' roots. Moreover, the application of SA and JA alone, as well as combined SA + JA, was found to be effective in the scavenging of hydrogen peroxide by improving the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in both populations under Ni-toxicity. Overall, our results manifest that SA and JA's external use, especially combined SA + JA treatments, ameliorate root biomass and plant tolerance by restricting Ni translocation to the shoot, accumulating in roots, and enhancing antioxidant defense systems.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- M:
-
Metallicolous
- Ni:
-
Nickel
- NM:
-
Non-metallicolous
- POD:
-
Peroxidase
- PGR:
-
Plant growth regulator
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
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We would like to thank the research deputy of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (Project Number 990252; Ethical Code IR.KUMS.REC.1399.321) and Razi University for providing the necessary facilities for carrying out this research.
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SNK performed the experiment, writing, editing, statistical analysis, figure construction, and finalize the manuscript; NK supervised the research; HRG review and editing; AR reviewed, edited, writing, figure construction, and finalize the manuscript; MC performed the statistical analysis, figure construction, reviewed, and writing; MM supervised the research, review, and writing.
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Najafi-Kakavand, S., Karimi, N., Ghasempour, HR. et al. Role of Jasmonic and Salicylic Acid on Enzymatic Changes in the Root of Two Alyssum inflatum Náyr. Populations Exposed to Nickel Toxicity. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 1647–1664 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10648-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10648-8