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Characteristics of X-ray attenuation in nano-sized bismuth oxide/epoxy-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix composites

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Abstract

In this study, the X-ray attenuation by 2 mm matrix composites of epoxy-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filled with different percentages of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles has been investigated using both mammography and general radiography units. The effect of adding thermosetting polymer (epoxy) over thermoplastic polymer (PVA) on the dispersion of n-Bi2O3 within the composite was explained using both secondary and backscattered scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the X-ray attenuation by the 2 mm n-Bi2O3/epoxy-PVA composites was increased with the increase of n-Bi2O3 loading while increasing the tube voltage from 23 to 100 kV. Moreover, X-ray was not detected by the composite filled with n-Bi2O3 more than 12 wt% at the tube voltage between 23 and 35 kV. This indicated that the matrix composite with 2 mm thickness filled with ≥ 12 wt% of n-Bi2O3 may be used as an X-ray-shielding material for the lower X-ray photon energies operated between 23 and 35 kV by the diagnostic X-ray machine.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded under Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materials Science and Engineering, Short-Term Research Grant, USM, Malaysia (304/PFIZIK/6313249) and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), Malaysia (203/PFIZIK/6711564). Moreover, we acknowledge the diligent contribution of Muntaser S. Ahmad in editing and proofreading our research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia

    Bassam M. Abunahel, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa & Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman

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  1. Bassam M. Abunahel
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  2. Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa
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  3. Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman
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Correspondence to Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman.

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Abunahel, B.M., Mustafa, I.S. & Noor Azman, N.Z. Characteristics of X-ray attenuation in nano-sized bismuth oxide/epoxy-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix composites. Appl. Phys. A 124, 828 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2254-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2254-5

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