Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of a quantitative method for the characterization of hole quality during laser trepan drilling of high-temperature alloy

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Short-pulsed lasers are of significant industrial relevance in laser drilling, with an acceptable compromise between accuracy and efficiency. However, an intensive research with regard to qualitative and quantitative characterization of the hole quality has rarely been reported. In the present study, a series of through holes were fabricated on a high-temperature alloy workpiece with a thickness of 3 mm using a LASERTEC 80 PowerDrill manufacturing system, which incorporated a Nd:YAG millisecond laser into a five-axis positioning platform. The quality of the holes manufactured under different laser powers (80–140 W) and beam expanding ratios (1–6) was characterized by a scanning electron microscope associated with an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, focusing mainly on the formation of micro-crack and recast layer. Additionally, the conicity and circularity of the holes were quantitatively evaluated by the apparent radius, root-mean-square deviation, and maximum deviation, which were calculated based on the extraction of hole edge through programming with MATLAB. The results showed that an amount of melting and spattering contents were presented at the entrance end and the exit end of the holes, and micro-cracks and recast layer (average thickness 15–30 µm) were detected along the side wall of the holes. The elemental composition of the melting and spattering contents and the recast layer was similar, with an obvious increase in the contents of O, Nb, and Cr and a great reduction in the contents of Fe and Ni in comparison with the bulk material. Furthermore, the conicity and circularity evaluation of the holes indicated that a laser power of 100 W and a beam expanding ratio of 4 or 5 represented the typical optimal drilling parameters in this specific experimental situation. It is anticipated that the quantitative method developed in the present study can be applied for the evaluation of hole quality in laser drilling and other drilling conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Schulz, U. Eppelt, R. Poprawe, Review on laser drilling I. Fundamentals, modeling, and simulation. J. Laser Appl. 25, 012006 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Ancona, D. Nodop, J. Limpert, S. Nolte, A. Tunnermann, Microdrilling of metals with an inexpensive and compact ultra-short-pulse fiber amplified microchip laser. Appl. Phys. A 94, 19–24 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. R.S. Bunker, A review of shaped hole turbine film cooling technology. J. Heat. Transf. 127, 441–453 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. X.D. Wang, A. Michalowski, D. Walter, S. Sommer, M. Kraus, J.S. Liu, F. Dausinger, Laser drilling of stainless steel with nanosecond double-pulse. Opt. Laser Technol. 41, 148–153 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.K.M. Garofano, H.L. Marcus, M. Aindow, Nanoscale carbide precipitation in the recast layer of a percussion laser-drilled superalloy. Scripta Mater. 61, 943–946 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. H.K. Sezer, L. Li, M. Schmidt, A.J. Pinkerton, B. Anderson, P. Williams, Effect of beam angle on HAZ, recast and oxide layer characteristics in laser drilling of TBC nickel superalloys. Int. J. Mach. Tool Man. 46, 1972–1982 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. X.Y. Wang, G.K.L. Ng, Z. Liu, L. Li, L. Bradley, EPMA microanalysis of recast layers produced during laser drilling of type 305 stainless steel. Thin Solid Films 453–454, 84–88 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. B. Kang, G.W. Kim, M.Y. Yang, S.H. Cho, J.W. Park, A study on the effect of ultrasonic vibration in nanosecond laser machining. Opt. Laser Eng. 50, 1817–1822 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J.A. Porter, Y.A. Louhisalmi, J.A. Karjalainen, S. Fuger, Cutting thin sheet metal with a water jet guided laser using various cutting distances, feed speeds and angles of incidence. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 33, 961–967 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Kaspar, A. Luft, S. Nolte, M. Will, E. Beyer, Laser helical drilling of silicon wafers with ns to fs pulses: scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy characterization of drilled through-holes. J. Laser. Appl. 18, 85–92 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K.H. Leitz, B. Redlingshofer, Y. Reg, A. Otto, M. Schmidt, Metal ablation with short and ultrashort laser pulses. Phys. Proced. 12, 230–238 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Juodkazis, H. Okuno, N. Kujime, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Hole drilling in stainless steel and silicon by femtosecond pulses at low pressure. Appl. Phys. A 79, 1555–1559 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. H.Y. Zhang, J.K. Di, M. Zhou, Y. Yan, R. Wang, An investigation on the hole quality during picosecond laser helical drilling of stainless steel 304. Appl. Phys. A 119, 745–752 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. H.Y. Zhang, J.K. Di, M. Zhou, Y. Yan, A comparison in laser precision drilling of stainless steel 304 with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 27, 972–977 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Leigh, K. Sezer, L. Li, C. Grafton-Reed, M. Cuttell, Recast and oxide formation in laser-drilled acute holes in CMSX-4 nickel single-crystal superalloy. Proc. IMechE Part B J. Eng. Manuf. 224, 1005–1016 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. V. González-Castro, J. Debayle, J.C. Pinoli, Color adaptive neighborhood mathematical morphology and its application to pixel-level classification. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 47, 50–62 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Barchanski, D. Funk, O. Wittich, C. Tegenkamp, B.N. Chichkov, C.L. Sajti, Picosecond laser fabrication of functional gold-antibody nanoconjugates for biomedical applications. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 9524–9533 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. K.H. Leitz, H. Koch, A. Otto, M. Schmidt, Numerical simulation of process dynamics during laser beam drilling with short pulses. Appl. Phys. A 106, 885–891 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Bandyopadhyay, J.K. Sarin Sundar, G. Sundararajan, S.V. Joshi, Geometrical features and metallurgical characteristics of Nd:YAG laser drilled holes in thick IN718 and Ti-6Al-4 V sheets. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 127, 83–95 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D.K.Y. Low, L. Li, A.G. Corfe, Characteristics of spatter formation under the effects of different laser parameters during laser drilling. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 118, 179–186 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W.T. Chien, S.C. Hou, Investigating the recast layer formed during the laser trepan drilling of Inconel 718 using the Taguchi method. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 33, 308–316 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. F. Dausinger, Femtosecond technology for precision manufacturing: fundamental and technical aspects. RIKEN Rev. 50, 77–82 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB013004), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51375008), Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (Grant No. 20151080366), and the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, China (Grant No. SKLT2015B03).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Hongyu Zhang, Ming Zhou & Rong Wang

  2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Yunlong Wang

  3. Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China

    Xiangchao Zhang

  4. Corrosion and Protection Center, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China

    Yu Yan

Authors
  1. Hongyu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ming Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yunlong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiangchao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yu Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ming Zhou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, H., Zhou, M., Wang, Y. et al. Development of a quantitative method for the characterization of hole quality during laser trepan drilling of high-temperature alloy. Appl. Phys. A 122, 74 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9599-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-9599-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation