Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Did Greek colonisation bring olive growing to the north? An integrated archaeobotanical investigation of the spread of Olea europaea in Greece from the 7th to the 1st millennium bc

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper discusses the distribution of archaeobotanical remains of Olea europaea (olive) across space and through time in mainland Greece and the Aegean from Neolithic to Hellenistic times (7th millennium-1st century bc) in order to explore the history of olive use in the study area. Olive stones and olive charcoal retrieved from prehistoric and historic sites on mainland Greece and the islands offer the basis for a discussion of the context and processes involved in the introduction of olive cultivation to the study area. The olive was nearly absent for most of the Neolithic and only appears in the southern parts of mainland Greece and the islands towards the end of the period. From the Early Bronze Age onwards it becomes increasingly visible in the archaeobotanical record. A possible cause for the introduction and increased presence of the olive during the Bronze Age could have been for oil production for elite use and trade. From the Bronze Age palaces of the 2nd millennium bc to the Hellenistic kingdoms towards the end of the 1st millennium bc, the olive thrived and was introduced northwards to new terrain, more marginal for olive growing than the warm lands of southern Greece. This introduction of olives to the northern Aegean region could be attributed to Greek colonisation and the increase in later times to a gradually increasing need for olive oil, perhaps associated with the emergence of new lifestyles, such as training in gymnasia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adam-Veleni P, Mangafa M (1996) Αρχαίο Eλαιοτριβείο στα Βρασνά Νομού Θεσσαλονίκης [Ancient olive press at Vrasna, Thessaloniki, in Greek]. In: Ελιά και Λάδι [Olive and Oil] Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Olive and Oil, Kalamata 7–9 May 1993. ΕΤΒΑ Cultural foundation, Athens, pp 92–104

  • Aggeli A (1999) ΙΒ’ Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων, Νομός Άρτας. Οδός Γαρουφαλιά, οικόπεδο Χρ. Θεοδώρου [12th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Regional Unit of Arta, Garoufalia street, private property of Chr. Theodorou, in Greek]. Αρχαιολογικόν ∆ελτίον [Archaeological Bulletin, in Greek] 54Β’1–1:460–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Akamatis I (2002) Ανασκαφική έρευνα στην Αγορά της Πέλλας το 2000 [Research excavation in the Forum of Pella during 2000, in Greek]. Egnatia 6(2001–2002):281–306. http://www.hist.auth.gr/sites/default/files/6%20Tefchos.pdf. Accessed 7 Dec 2016

  • Alexiou S (1960) New light on Minoan dating: early Minoan tombs at Lebena. Illust Lond News 237:225–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen S, Hansen JM (2011) The palaeoethnobotany of Early Helladic Tsoungiza. In: Pullen D (ed) Early bronze age village on tsoungiza hill. American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Princeton, pp 805–891 (Nemea Valley Archaeological Project 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreou S, Heron C, Jones G, Kiriatzi V, Psaraki K, Roumpou M, Valamoti SM (2013) Smelly barbarians or perfumed natives? An investigation of oil and ointment use in Late Bronze Age northern Greece. In: Voutsaki S, Valamoti SM (eds) Diet, economy and society in the anciet greek world: towards a better integration of archaeology and science. Peeters, Leuven, pp 103–111 (Pharos Suppl 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Arobba D, Caramiello R, Traverso A (2008) Risultati preliminari di analisi archeobotaniche su campioni provenienti da Poliochni (Lemnos). Annuario della Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene 86:139–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Asouti E (2003) Wood charcoal from Santorini (Thera): new evidence for climate, vegetation and timber imports in the Aegean Bronze Age. Antiquity 77:471–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atherden M, Hall JR, Wright JC (1993) A pollen diagram from northeast Peloponnese, Greece: implication for vegetation history and archaeology. Holocene 3:351–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badal E, Ntinou M (2013) Chapter VI. Wood-charcoal analysis from Neolithic Knossos: the local vegetation. In: Efstratiou N, Karetsou A, Ntinou M (eds) The Neolithic settlement of Knossos in Crete: new evidence for the early occupation of Crete and the Aegean islands. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 95–118 (Prehistory Monographs 42)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendall LM (2007) Economics of religion in the Mycenaean world: resources dedicated to religion in the Mycenaean palace economy. Oxford University School of Archaeology, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Bending J (2011) Archaeobotanical assemblages. In: Soles JS et al (eds) Mochlos IIC: Period IV. The Mycenaean settlement and cemetery: the human remains and other finds. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 140–148 (Prehistory Monographs 32)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blitzer H (1993) Olive cultivation and oil production in Minoan Crete. In: Amouretti MC, Brun JP (eds) La production du vin et de l’huile en Méditerrannée. École Française d’Athènes, Paris, pp 163–175 (Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Suppl 26)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blitzer H (2014) Preliminary notes on olive domestication and cultivation in the prehistoric Aegean. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Actes de la 14e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Paris, Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art (INHA), 11–14 décembre 2012. Peeters, Leuven, pp 239–243 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonias Z, Perreault J (1999) Άργιλος, Ανασκαφή 1997. AEMTH 11(1997):539–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookidis N, Hansen J, Snyder L, Goldberg P (1999) Dining in the sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth. Hesperia 68:1–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/148389. Accessed 7 Dec 2016

  • Bottema S, Sarpaki A (2003) Environmental change in Crete: a 9000-year record of Holocene vegetation history and the effect of the Santorini eruption. Holocene 13:733–749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulotis Ch (1996) Το λάδι στους μυκηναϊκούς χρόνους [Olive oil in the Mycenaean period, in Greek]. In: Ελιά και Λάδι [Olive and oil], Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Olive and Oil, Kalamata 7–9 May 1993. ETBA Cultural Foundation, Athens, pp 19–58

  • Braadbaart F, Marinova E, Sarpaki A (2016) Charred olive stones: experimental and archaeological evidence for recognizing olive processing residues used as fuel. Veget Hist Archaeobot 25:415–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Branigan K (1993) Dancing with the dead; life and death in southern Crete 3000–2000 bc. A. M. Hakkert, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Brogan T, Sofianou C, Morrison J, Mylona D, Margaritis E (2013) Living off the fruits of the sea: new evidence for dining at the Minoan site of Papadiokambos, Crete. In: Voutsaki S, Valamoti SM (eds) Diet, economy and society in the ancient world: towards a better integration of archaeology and science. Peeters, Leuven, pp 123–132 (Pharos Suppl 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton M, Levy T (2014) Organic residue analysis from selected vessels from Gilat: Gilat torpedo jars. In: Levi ET (ed) Archaeology, anthropology and cult: the sanctuary at Gilat. Routledge, Israel, pp 849–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrion Y, Ntinou M, Badal E (2010) Olea europaea L. in the North Mediterranean basin during the Pleniglacial and the Early-Middle Holocene. Quat Sci Rev 29:952–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chabal L (1988) Pourquoi et comment prélever les charbons de bois pour la période antique: les méthodes utilisé es sur le site de Lattes (Hérault). Lattara 1:187–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabal L (1992) La représentativité paléo-écologique des charbons de bois archéologiques issus du bois de feu. In: Vernet JL (ed) Les charbons de bois, les anciens écosystèmes et le rôle de l’homme. Societe Botanique de France, Paris, pp 213–236 (Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, Actualités botaniques 139)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabal L, Fabre L, Terral J-F, Théry-Parisot I (1999) L’anthracology. In: Bourquin-Mignot C, Brochier J-E, Chabal L, Crozat S, Fabre L, Guibal F, Marinval P, Richard H, Terral J-F, Rhéry I (eds) La Botanique. Errance, Collection “ArcheZologiques”, Paris, pp 43–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Colaianni G, Fiorentino G, Fouache E, Pontrandolfo A, Santoriello A, Scelza F (2012) Palaeovegetational reconstruction of the Krios Valley, northern Achaea (Greece): archaeobotanical analysis conducted as part of the Aegialia Survey Project. Revue d’archéométrie 36:127–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans AJ (1928) The palace of Minos at Knossos, vol 1–4. Macmillan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Facorellis Y, Damiata BN, Vardala-Theodorou E, Ntinou M, Southon J, Trantalidou K (2015) Radiocarbon dating of Palamari on Skyros and estimation of the marine reservoir effect at the northern Sporades region during the Bronze Age. In: Parlama L, Theochari M, Romanou C, Bonatsos S (eds) The fortified settlement at Palamari, Skyros. Ministry of Culture, Athens, pp 257–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Facorellis Y, Damiata BN, Vardala-Theodorou E, Ntinou M, Southon J (2017) Calculation of the regional marine reservoir effect (ca. 8th–1st century bc) based on samples from the Vryokastro site on Kythnos. In: Mazarakis-Ainian A (ed) Les sanctuaries archaïques des Cyclades. Archaeologie & Culture, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, pp 275–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Fappas I (2010) Έλαιον εὐῶδες, τεθυωμένον: Τα αρωματικά έλαια και οι πρακτικές χρήσης τους στη Μυκηναϊκή Ελλάδα και την αρχαία Εγγύς Ανατολή (14ος–13ος αι. π. Χ.) [Well-scented, perfume oil: Perfumed oils and practices of use in Mycenaean Greece and the ancient Near East (14th–13th centuries bc), in Greek]. (Kretiki Estia 13 2009–2010) Periodical edition of historical. folkloric and archaeological Association of Crete, Chania

  • Fappas I (2011) Exchange of ideas in the Eastern Mediterranean during the 14th and 13th centuries bc: the case of perfumed oil use and ideology. In: Duistermaat K, Regulski I (eds) Intercultural contacts in the ancient Mediterranean. Peeters, Leuven, pp 495–510 (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 202)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiorentino G, Solinas F (2006) Carboni e carporesti dal palazzo di Monastiraki. In: Kanta A, Marazzi M (eds) Monastiraki I Campagne 2002–2004. Fondazione Scavolini, Naples, pp 123–129 (Quaderni della Fondazione Scavolini, Serie Beni Culturali 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Flint-Hamilton K (2012) Botanical remains. In: Day LP, Glowacki KT (eds) Kavousi IIB: the Late Minoan IIIC settlement at Vronda: the buildings on the periphery. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, p 99 (Prehistory Monographs 39)

    Google Scholar 

  • Folieri M, Coccolini G (1986) Travi carbonizzate del palazzo Minoico di Festos. Annuario della Scuola archaeologica di Atene e delle Missioni italiane in Oriente 37–38(1979–1980):173–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Forste KM (2012) Agricultural adaptations during the late bronze age: archaeobotanical evidence from Sovjan, Albania and Tsoungiza, Greece. Masters thesis, University of Cincinnati

  • Foxhall L (2006) Environments and landscaped of Greek culture. The Mediterranean: the geographical parameters of the Greek world. In: Kinzl KH (ed) A companion to the classical Greek world. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 245–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Galili E, Stanley DJ, Sharvit J, Weinstein-Evron M (1997) Evidence for earliest olive-oil production in submerged settlements off the Carmel coast, Israel. J Archaeol Sci 24:1,141–1,150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gesell GC (1985) Town, palace and house cult in Minoan Crete. Åströms Förlag, Göteborg (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 67)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilman A, Adams McC, Bietti Sestieri AM, Cazzella A, Claessen HJM, Cowgill GL, Crumley CL, Earle T, Gallay A, Harding AF, Harrison RJ, Hicks R, Kohl PL, Lewthwaite J, Schwartz CA, Shennan SJ, Sherratt A, Tosi M, Wells PS (1981) The development of social stratification in Bronze Age Europe. Curr Anthropol 22:1–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gkatzogia E (2013) Storage in ancient Epirus, Greece: preliminary results from two Hellenistic sites. In: 16th International Work Group for Palaeothnobotany, 17–22 June 2013, organized by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. http://iwgp-2013.web.auth.gr/images/Posters/gkatzogia.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2016

  • Gkatzogia E (in press) ∆ιατροφ ή και οικονομία στην Ήπειρο μέσα από τις αρχαιοβοτανικές έρευνες στο Νεκρομαντείο του Αχέροντα και στην Επισκοπή Σερβιανών [Diet and economy in the region of Epirus through the archaeobotanical investigation of the Oracle of the Dead and Episkopi Servianon, in Greek]. In: Αρχαιολογικό Έργο στη Β∆ Ελλάδα και τα Ιόνια Νησιά [Proceedings of the congress on archaeological work in NW Greece and the Ionian Islands, organized by the University of Ioannina and the Ministry of Greek Culture on 10–13 December 2014]

  • Gophna R, Kislev M (1979) Finds at Tel-Saf (1977–1978). Revue Biblique 86:112

    Google Scholar 

  • Greig JRA, Turner J (1974) Some pollen diagrams from Greece and their archaeological significance. J Archaeol Sci 1:177–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggis DC, Mook MS, Scarry CM, Snyder LM, West WC (2004) Excavations at Azoria, 2002. Hesperia 73:339–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggis DC, Mook MS, Fitzsimons RD, Scarry CM, Snyder LM, West WC (2011) Excavations in the Archaic civic buildings at Azoria in 2005–2006. Hesperia 80:1–70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2972/hesp.80.1.0001. Accessed 7 Dec 2016

  • Hamilakis Y (1996) Wine, oil and the dialectics of power in Bronze Age Crete: a review of the evidence. Oxford J Archaeol 15:1–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilakis Y (1999) Food technologies/technologies of the body: the social context of wine and oil production in Bronze Age Crete. World Archaeol 31:38–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen JM (1988) Agriculture in the prehistoric Aegean: data versus speculation. Am J Archaeol 92:39–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen JM (1991) Excavations at Franchthi cave, Greece, Fascicle 7: the palaeoethnobotany of Franchthi cave. Indiana University Press, Bloomington (Excavations at Franchthi cave, Greece 7)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopf M (1961) Pflanzenfunde aus Lerna/Argolis. Züchter 31:239–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopf M (1962) Nutzpflanzen vom Lernäischen Golf. Jb RGZM Mainz 9:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahns S (1993) On the Holocene vegetation history of the Argive Plain (Peloponnese, southern Greece). Veget Hist Archaeobot 2:187–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones G (1982) Cereal and pulse remains from Protogeometric and Geometric Iolkos, Thessaly. Anthropologika 3:75–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones G (1984) The LM II plant remains. In: Popham MR (ed) The Minoan unexplored mansion at Knossos. British School at Athens, London, pp 303–306 (British School at Athens Suppl 17)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones G, Schofield A (2006) Evidence for the use of threshing remains at the Early Minoan metallurgical workshop. In: Betancourt PP (ed) The Chrysokamino metallurgy workshop and its territory. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Athens, pp 153–154 (Hesperia Suppl 36)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones G, Smith I (2009) Plant remains from Block AF. In: Betancourt PP (ed) Pseira X: the excavation of Block AF. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 125–126 (Prehistory Monographs 28)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanievski D, Van Campo E, Boiy T, Terral J-F, Khadari C, Besnard G (2012) Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidence from the Middle East. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 87:885–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karathanou A, Valamoti SM (2013) The archaeobotanical investigation of human activity in Late Bronze Age Greece. http://iwgp-2013.web.auth.gr/images/Posters/karathanou%20%20valamoti%202013_phd%20poster.pdf. Accessed June 2017

  • Karnava A, Kolia E, Margaritis E (2015) A Classical/Hellenistic oil pressing installation in Foti-Vroskopos, Keos. In: Diler A, Şenol K, Audinoğlu Ű (eds) Olive oil and wine production in eastern Mediterranean during antiquity. Ege ániversitesi Yayınları (Edebiyat Fakόltesi Yayın No 189). Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir, pp 107–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennell NM (2001) Most necessary for the bodies of men: olive oil and its by-products in the later Greek Gymnasium. In: Joyal M (ed) In Altum: seventy-five years of classical studies in Newfoundland. Memorial University of Newfoundland (Nfld), St. John’s, pp 119–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Kislev ME (1987) Chalcolithic plant husbandry and ancient vegetation at Shiqmim. In: Levy TE (ed) Shiqmim I: studies concerning Chalcolithic societies in Northern Negev Desert, Israel (1982–1984). Archaeopress, Oxford, pp 251–279 (BAR Int Ser 356)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kislev ME (1994–1995) Wild olive at submerged Chalcolithic Kfar Samir, Haifa, Israel. J Israel Prehist Soc 26:134–145

  • Kotzamani G (2009) From gathering to cultivation: archaeobotanical research on the early plant exploitation and the beginning of agriculture in Greece (Theopetra Schisto, Sidari, Revenia). Doctoral thesis, University of Thessaloniki, Greece (in Greek)

  • Kouka O (2009) Cross-cultural links and elite-identities: the eastern Aegean/western Anatolia and Cyprus from the early third millennium through the early second millennium bc. In: Karageorgis V, Kouka O (eds) Cyprus and the east Aegean: intercultural contacts from 3000 to 500 bc. AG Leventis Foundation, Nicosia, pp 31–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll H (1979) Kulturpflanzen aus Dimini. In: Körber-Grohne U (ed) Festschrift Maria Hopf. Habelt, Bonn, pp 173–189 (Archaeo-Physika 8)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll H (1982) Kulturpflanzen von Tiryns. Archäol Anz 25:467–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroll H (1993) Kulturpflanzen von Kalapodi. Archäol Anz 2:161–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Kučan D (1995) Zur Ernährung und dem Gebrauch von Pflanzen im Heraion von Samos im 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr Jb DAI 110:1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarova M, Koutsios A, Kontopoulos N (2012) Holocene vegetation history of the Kotihi lagoon (northwestern Peloponnesus, Greece). Quat Int 261:138–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lebessi A (1969) Aνασκαφή τάφου στον Πόρο Ηρακλείου [Excavation of a tomb in Poros Heraklion, in Greek]. Πρακτικά [Proceedings] 1967:195–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi D (1976) Festòs e la Civilta Minoica I. Edizioni dell’Ateneo, Roma (Incunabula Graeca 60)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liphschitz N, Gophna R, Hartman M, Biger G (1991) The beginning of olive (Olea europaea) cultivation in the Old World: a reassessment. J Archaeol Sci 18:441–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livarda A (2008) The archaeobotanical remains. In: Hatzaki E, Prent M, Coldstream JN, Evely D, Livarda A (eds) Knossos, the little palace north project, part I: the early Greek periods, vol 103. Annual of the British School at Athens, Athens, pp 259–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Livarda A (2012) The archaeobotanical evidence of the Late Bronze Age and Proto-Geometric occupation under the Roman Villa Dionysus, Knossos, Crete, and an overview of the proto-Geometric data of Greece. Ann Br Sch Athens 107:189–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livarda A, Kotzamani G (2006) Plant lore in ‘Dark Age’ Greece: archaeobotanical evidence from Lefkandi, Euboea. Literal sources and traditional knowledge combined. In: Ertuğ ZF (ed) Ethnobotany: at the junction of the continents and the disciplines. Yeditepe University Istanbul, Istanbul, pp 435–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Livarda A, Kotzamani G (2013) The archaeobotany of Neolithic and Bronze Age Crete: synthesis and prospects. Annu Br Sch Athens 108:1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luce JM, Marinval P (2008) L’alimentation végétale. In Luce JM (ed) L’aire du pilierdes Rhodiens (fouille 1990–1992) à la frontier du profane et du sacré. Ecole française d’Athènes, Athens (Fouilles de Delphes 2, Topographie et Architecture 13)

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamidou D, Ntinou M, Valamoti S-M, Tsirtsoni Z, Koukouli-Chryssanthaki H, Darcque P (2017) An investigation of Neolithic settlement pattern and plant exploitation at Dikilli Tash: reconsidering old and new data from the late 5th millennium bc settlement. In: Proceedings of the International Conference “Communities, Landscapes and Interaction in Neolithic Greece”, Rethymno, Greece

  • Mangafa Μ (1993) Αρχαιοβοτανική μελέτη του σπηλαίου Σκοτεινής στα Θαρούνια Εύβοιας [Archaeobotanical study of the cave of Skoteini at Tharounia in Euboea, in Greek]. In: Sampson A (eds) Skoteini Tharrounion: the cave, the settlement and the cemetery. Konstantopoulos Press, Athens, pp 360–369 (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2002) Αρχαιοβοτανικά δεδομένα από το νεολιθικό οικισμό της Σταυρούπολης. Μια πρώτη προσέγγιση [Archaeobotanical remains from the Neolithic Site of Stavroupoli Thessalonikis I: a preliminary report, in Greek]. In: Grammenos D, Kotsos S (eds) Rescue excavations from the Neolithic site of Stavroupoli, Thessaloniki. Archaeological Institute of Northern Greece, Thessaloniki, pp 805–827

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2004) Γεωργικές πρακτικές στο στερεοσκόπιο: η ανάλυση των φυτικών καταλοίπων από το νεολιθικό οικισμό της Σταυρούπολης. Οι ανασκαφικές περίοδοι 1998–2003 [Agricultural practices in stereoscope: the analysis of plant residues from the Neolithic settlement of Stavropoli. The excavation periods 1998–2003, in Greek]. In: Grammenos D, Kotsos S (eds) Rescue excavations from the Neolithic site of Stavroupoli, Thessaloniki, 1998–2003. Archaeological Institute of Northern Greece, Thessaloniki, pp 605–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2007) Archaeobotanical investigations at the Geometric site of Krania, southern Pieria in Macedonia, Greece. Talanta 38/39:123–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2013a) Distinguishing exploitation, domestication, cultivation and production: the olive in the third millennium Aegean. Antiquity 87:746–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2013b) Annexe 3: archaeobotanical analysis. Seed assemblage from the refuse pit Fo221. In: Verdan S (ed) Le Sanctuaire d’Apollon Daphnéphoros à l’époque Géométrique. Eretria XXII. Ecole Suisse d’archéologie en Gréce, Gollion, pp 267–279 (Fouilles et recherches 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2013c) Foodstuffs, fruit tree cultivation and occupation patterns at Dhaskalio. In: Renfrew C, Philaniotou O, Brodie N, Gavalas G, Boyd MJ (eds) The settlement at Dhaskalio. The sanctuary on Keros and the origins of Aegean ritual practice: the excavations of 2006–2008, vol 1. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp 389–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2013d) Arboriculture at Aphrodite’s Kephali. Ιn: Betancourt P (ed) Aphrodite’s Kephali: an early Minoan I defensive site in eastern Crete. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 111–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2014a) The Kapeleio at Hellenistic Krania: food consumption, disposal, and the use of space. Hesperia 83:103–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2014b) Acts of destruction and acts of preservation: plants in the ritual landscape of prehistoric Greece. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Actes de la 14e Rencontre égéenne internationale, Paris, Institut National d’Histoire de l’Art (INHA), 11–14 décembre 2012. Peeters, Leuven, pp 279–286 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2015) Cultivating classical archaeology: agricultural activities, use of space and occupation patterns in Hellenistic Greece. In: Haggis D, Antonaccio C (eds) Classical archaeology in context: theory and practice in excavation in the Greek world. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp 333–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2017a) The plant remains from Alepotrypa Cave: use, discard and structured deposition. In: Papathanasiou A, Parkinson WA, Pullen DJ, Galaty ML, Karkanas P (eds) Neolithic Alepotrypa cave in Mani, Greece. Oxbow Books, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E (2017b) The plant remains of the house tombs at Petras: acts of destruction, transformation and preservation. In: Tsipopoulou M (ed) Petras, Siteia: the pre- and proto-palatial cemetery in context. Danish Institute at Athens, Athens, pp 225–244, (Monographs of the Danish Institute at Athens 21)

    Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E, Jones MK (2008) Olive oil production in Hellenistic Greece: the interpretation of charred olive remains from the site of Platania, Macedonia, Greece. Veget Hist Archaeobot 17:393–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margaritis E, Demakopoulou K, Schallin AL (2014) The archaeobotanical samples from Midea: agricultural choices in the Mycenaean Argolid. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Peeters, Leuven, pp 271–278 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Marinova E, Ntinou M (2017) Neolithic woodland management and land-use in south-eastern Europe: the anthracological evidence from Northern Greece and Bulgaria. Quat Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.004

    Google Scholar 

  • Matalas AL (2006) Dietary patterns in pre-World War II Greece. Disparities within peasant and urban foodways. Food History 4:239–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mavromati A (2017) Landscape and wood-fuel in Akrotiri (Thera, Greece) during the Bronze Age. Quat Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.047

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazarakis Ainian A (1998) Oropos in the early Iron Age Euboica. In: D’Agostino B, Bats M (eds) L’Eubea e la presenza euboica in Calcidica e in Occidente. Année édition. Centre Jean Bérard, Naples, pp 179–215 (Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 16)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Megaloudi F (2005) Burnt sacrificial plant offerings in Hellenistic times: an archaeobotanical case study from Messene, Peloponnese, Greece. Veget Hist Archaeobot 14:329–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Megaloudi F (2006) Plants and diet in Greece from Neolithic to Classical periods. The archaeobotanical remains. Archaeopress, Oxford (BAR Int Ser 1516)

    Google Scholar 

  • Megaloudi F (2012) Archaeobotanical remains from Limenaria. In: Papadopoulos S, Malamidou D (eds) 10 Years of excavation at the prehistoric settlement of Limenaria, Thassos. 18th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. Thessaloniki, pp 67–76 (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  • Megaloudi F, Papadopoulos S, Sgourou M (2007) Plant offerings from the classical necropolis of Limenas, Thasos, northern Greece. Antiquity 81:933–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melena JL (1983) Olive oil and other sorts of oil in the Mycenaean tablets. Minos 18:89–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Molloy B, Day J, Bridgford S et al (2014) Life and death of a Bronze Age house: excavation of early Minoan I Levels at Priniatikos Pyrgos. Am J Archaeol 118:307–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moniaki K, Zographaki V, Farnoux A (2013) The exploitation of plants from the Geometric until the Hellenistic period at Dreros. Food, memory and identity in Greece and the Greek diaspora. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of Greek Gastronomy. https://greekgastronomy.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/theexploitationofplantsfromthegeometricuntilthehellenisticperiodatdreros-1.pdf. Accessed June 2017

  • Moody J, Rackham O, Rapp G (1996) Environmental archaeology of prehistoric NW Crete. J Field Archaeol 23:273–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Moskal-del Hoyo M, Ntinou M (2015) Charcoal remains from Sarakenos Cave (Boeotia, Greece). In: Kaczanowska M, Kozlowski JK, Sampson A (eds) The Sarakenos cave at Akraephnion, Boeotia, Greece, vol 2: the Early Neolithic, the Mesolithic and the Final Palaeolithic. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków, pp 47–59 (137–150)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mylona D, Ntinou M, Pakkanen P, Penttinen A, Serjeantson D, Theodoropoulou T (2013) Integrating archaeology and science in a Greek sanctuary. Issues of practice and interpretation in the study of the bioarchaeological remains from the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Kalaureia. In: Voutsaki S, Valamoti SM (eds) Diet, economy and society in the Anciet Greek World: towards a better integration of archaeology and science. Leuven, Peeters, pp 187–204 (Pharos Suppl 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neef R (1990) Introduction, development and environmental implications of olive culture: the evidence from Jordan. In: Bottema S, Entjes-Nieborg G, Van Zeist W (eds) Man’s role in the shaping of the eastern Mediterranean landscape. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 295–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Netolitzky F (1934) Pflanzliche Nahrungsmittel und Hölzer aus der prähistorischen Kreta und Kephallonia. Buletinui Facultatu de Stunfe din Cernauti 8:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuweiler E (1935) Nachträge urgeschichtlicher Pflanzen. Vierteljahrsschr Naturforsch Ges Zürich 80:98–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton C, Lorre C, Sauvage C, Terral J-F, Ivorra S (2014) On the origins and spread of Olea europaea L. (olive) domestication: evidence for shape variation of olive stones at Ugarit, Late Bronze Age, Syria, a window on the Mediterranean Basin and on the westward diffusion of olive varieties. Veget Hist Archaeobot 23:567–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowicki K (2008) Monastiraki Katalimata: Excavation at a Cretan refuge site 1993–2000. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2002) El paisaje en el norte de Grecia desde el Tardiglaciar al Atlantico. Formaciones vegetales, recursos y usos. Archaeopress, Oxford (BAR Int Ser 1038)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2011a) Wood charcoal. In: Soles JS, Davaras C (eds) Mochlos IIC: Period IV. The Mycenaean settlement and cemetery: the human remains and other finds. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 140–148 (Prehistory Monographs 32)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2011b) Charcoal analysis at the Cave of the Cyclops, Youra, northern Sporades. In: Sampson A (ed) Τhe Cave of the Cyclops: Mesolithic and Neolithic networks in the northern Aegean Greece. vol 2: Bone tool industries, dietary resources and the paleoenvironment, and archeometrical studies. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 297–314 (Prehistory Monographs 31)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2012) Anthracological analysis at the Neolithic settlement of Limenaria, Thassos. In: Papadopoulos S, Malamidou D (eds) 10 Years of excavation at the prehistoric settlement of Limenaria, Thassos. 18th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Thessaloniki, pp 77–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2013a) Wood charcoal: vegetation and the use of timber at Dhaskalio. In: Renfrew C, Philaniotou O, Brodie N, Gavalas G, Boyd MJ (eds) The settlement at Dhaskalio. The sanctuary on Keros and the origins of Aegean ritual practice: the excavations of 2006–2008, vol 1. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp 417–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2013b) Analysis of charcoal in some agora pyres. In: Rotroff S (ed) Industrial religion: the saucer pyres of the Athenian agora. The American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Princeton, pp 183–186 (Hesperia Suppl 47)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M (2014) Η φ υσική βλάστηση και οι προϊστορικές κοινότητες της Μακεδονίας. Μια σύνθεση των πληροφ οριών της ανθρακολογικής έρευνας (Natural vegetation and prehistoric societies of Macedonia. An anthracological synthesis). In: Stefani, E, Merousis, N, Dimoula A (eds) 1912-2012, 100 χρόνια έρευνας στην Προϊστορική Μακεδονία (100 Years of Research in Prehistoric Macedonia), Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki: 409–418

  • Ntinou M (2017) Chap. 7. Wood-charcoal macro remains. In: Smith RAK, Dabney MK, Pappi E, Triantaphyllou S, 1, Karkanas P, Kotzamani G, Livarda A, MacKay C, Ntinou M, Roumpou M, Stahl AM, Tsartsidou G (eds) Ayia Sotira, a Mycenaean chamber tomb cemetery in the Nemea valley, Greece. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 147–151 (Prehistory Monographs 56)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M, Stratouli G (2012) Charcoal analysis at Drakaina Cave, Kephalonia, Ionian islands, Greece. A case study of a specialized Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic site. In: Badal E, Carrion Y, Μacias M, Ntinou M (eds) Wood and charcoal: evidence for natural and human history. Universitat de València, València, pp 43–52 (Saguntum PLAV Extra 13)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ntinou M, Tsartsidou G (2017) Domestic and ritual use of plants and fuels in the Neolithic cave of Alepotrypa, southern Peloponnese, Greece: the wood charcoal and phytolith evidence. Quat Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.11.028

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozenda P (1975) Sur les étages de végétation dans les montagnes du bassin Méditerranéen. Doc de Cartographie Ecologique 16:1–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagnoux C (2016) Emergence, développement et diversification de l’arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l’époque romaine. Confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires. Dissertation, University of Paris 1

  • Panajiotidis S, Papadopoulou M (2016) Human-landscape interactions in Halkidiki (NC Greece) over the last 3.5 millennia, revealed through palynological, and archaeological-historical archives. J Archaeol Sci 7:138–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadatos Y, Tomkins P (2013) Trading, the longboat, and cultural interaction in the Aegean during the late fourth Millennium B.C.E.: the view from Kephala Petras, East Crete. Am J Archaeol 117:353–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philippa-Touchais A, Touchais G, Decavallas O, Gardeisen A, Ghilardi M, Margaritis E, Metaxas O, Triantaphyllou S, Tsiolaki E (2014) Environnement, alimentation, hygiene et mode de vie dans la Grece mésohelladique: le cas de l’Aspis d’Argos. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Peeters, Leuven, pp 531–538 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Platon N (1964) Ανασκαφή Ζάκρου (Excavatons at Zakros, in Greek). To Ergon tis Archaeologhikis Etairias (PAE), pp 141–142

  • Platon N (1971) Zakros: the discovery of a lost palace of ancient Crete. Scribner, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Platon N (1974) Ζάκρος: το νέον μινωϊκόν ανάκτορον [Zakros, the new Minoan palace, in Greek]. The Archaeological Society at Athens, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Popova TZ (2015) L’anthropisation des paysages, la demonstration de la carpologie, L’Épopée des Rois Thraces, Exposition au Louvre. Dossiers d’Archaeologie 368:11

    Google Scholar 

  • Rackham O (1972) Appendix III. Charcoal and plaster impressions. In: Warren PM (ed) Myrtos: an early Bronze Age settlement in Crete. Thames and Hudson, Oxford, pp 299–304 (British School at Athens Suppl 7)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rackham O (1996) Ecology and pseudo-ecology: the example of ancient Greece. In: Shipley G, Salmon J (eds) Human landscapes in classical antiquity: environment and culture. Routledge, London, pp 16–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Renault-Miskovsky J, Thiébault S (1997) Apports des études paléobotaniques à la connaissance de l’environnement végétal et à l’exploitation du territoire de Delphes (Grèce) du XIIe au VIe siècle av. n. è. La dynamique des paysages protohistoriques, antiques, médiévaux et moderns. APDCA, Antibes, pp 453–473 (Rencontres internationales d’archéologie et d’histoire d’Antibes No 17)

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew JM (1966) A report of recent finds of carbonized cereal grains and seeds from Prehistoric Thessaly. Thessalika 5:21–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew C (1972a) The emergence of civilization: the Cyclades and the Aegean in the third millennium bc, 1st edn. Methuen, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew JM (1972b) The plant remains. In: Warren P (ed) Myrtos: an early Bronze Age settlement in Crete. Thames and Hudson, Oxford, pp 315–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew JM (2006) The carbonized seeds. In: Marangou L, Renfrew C, Doumas C, Gavalas G (eds) Markiani, Amorgos. An Early Bronze Age fortified settlement. Overview of the 1985–1991 investigations. British School at Athens, London, pp 245–246 (British School at Athens Suppl 40)

    Google Scholar 

  • Renfrew JM (2011) Olives and vines. In: Hood S, Cadogan G (eds) Knossos: excavations 1957–1961 early Minoan. British School at Athens, London, pp 67–69 (British School at Athens Suppl 46)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowan E (2015) Olive oil pressing waste as a fuel source in Antiquity. Am J Archaeol 119:465–482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Runnels CN, Hansen J (1986) The olive in the prehistoric Aegean: the evidence for domestication in the Early Bronze Age. Oxford J Archaeol 5:299–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (1987) The palaeoethnobotany of the West House, Akrotiri, Thera: a case study. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sheffield

  • Sarpaki A (1992) The palaeoethnobotanical approach. The Mediterranean triad or is it a quartet? In: Wells B (ed) Agriculture in ancient Greece. Åströms Förlag, Stockholm, pp 61–76 (Skrifter Uutgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athens 4° 42)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (1999) The archaeobotanical study of Tzambakas House, Rethymno, Crete. In: Tzedakis Y, Martlew H (eds) Minoans and Mycenaeans, flavours of their time. Kapon, Athens, pp 40–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2001) Η Κρήτη από την εποχή του Χαλκού μέχρι τους Ελληνιστικούς χρόνους- τα αρχαιοβοτανικά κατάλοιπα μιλούν για το περιβάλλον και την αγροτική οικονομία [Crete from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period- the archaeobotanical remains talk about the environment and the rural economy, in Greek]. The cultural value of plants and animals in Crete, from the Neolithic era until modern times. Program Archi- Med. Protection of endangered endemic species in southern and eastern Mediterranean. Iraklion, Region Crete, Regional Fund of Crete, Museum of Natural History, pp 31–40

  • Sarpaki A (2007a) Résultats archéobotaniques preliminaries dans divers secteurs de Malia. Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 131:882–884

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2007b) Archaeobotanical observations. In: MacGillivray JA, Sackett LH, Driessenm JM (eds) Palaikastro: two Late Minoan wells. British School at Athens, London, pp 211–216 (British School at Athens Suppl 43)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2009) Knossos, Crete: Invaders, “sea goers”, or previously “invisible”, the Neolithic plant economy appears fully-fledged in 9,000 bp. In: Fairbairn AS, Weiss E (eds) From foragers to farmers. Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp 220–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2011) Archaeobotanical seed remains. In: Sampson A (ed) Τhe cave of the cyclops: mesolithic and neolithic networks in the northern Aegean Greece, vol 2: bone tool industries, dietary resources and the paleoenvironment, and archeometrical Studies. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 315–324 (Prehistory Monographs 31)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2012) The taming of an island environment: Crete from dawn to noon (Neolithic to the end of the Bronze Age). In: Parallel lives: ancient island societies in Crete and Cyprus: papers arising from the Conference in Nicosia organised by the British School at Athens, the University of Crete and the University of Cyprus, in November-December 2006. British School at Athens, London, pp 35–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2013) The economy of Neolithic Knossos: the archaeobotanical data. In: Efstratiou N, Karetsou A, Ntinou M (eds) The Neolithic settlement of Knossos in Crete: new evidence for the early occupation of Crete and the Aegean islands. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 63–94 (Prehistory Monographs 42)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A (2016) The archaeobotanical remains from EM to LMIIC at the Greek–Swedish excavations. In: Hallager E, Hallager P (eds) The Greek–Swedish excavations at the Agia Aikaterini Square Kastelli, Khania 1970–1987, 2001, 2005 and 2008. vol 5: The Late Minoan IIIA: I and II settlements. Åströms Förlag, Stockholm, pp 418–446 (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A, Bending J (2004) Archaeobotanical assemblages. In: Soles JS, Davaras C (eds) Mochlos IC. Period III. Neopalatial settlement on the coast. The artisan’s quarter and the farmhouse at Chalinomouri. The small finds. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 126–137 (Prehistory Monographs 9)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpaki A, Kanta A (2011) Monastiraki, in the Amari region of Crete: some interim archaeobotanical insights into Middle Bronze Age subsistence. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Cretological Conference, Chania (1–8 October 2006). The Philological Society Chrysostomos, Chania, pp 247–270

  • Schoch WH (1995) The charcoal remains, building AD center. In: Betancourt PP, Davaras K (eds) Pseira I: the Minoan buildings on the west side of Area A. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, pp 133–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoch WH, Ntinou M (2004) Wood charcoal. In: Soles J, Davaras C (eds) Mochlos IC, Period III. Neopalatial settlement on the coast: The artisans quarter and the farmhouse at Chalinomouri: the small finds. INSTAP Academic Press, Philadelphia, pp 131–137 (Prehistory Monographs 9)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shay J, Shay T (1978) Modern vegetation and fossil plant remains. In: Rapp G Jr, Aschenbrenner SE (eds) Excavations at Nichoria in southwest Greece, vol 1: Site, environs and techniques. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp 41–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Shay CT, Shay JM (2000) The charcoal and seeds from Iron Age Kommos. In: Shaw JW, Shaw MC (eds) Kommos IV: the Greek sanctuary. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 647–668

    Google Scholar 

  • Shay CT, Shay JM, Frego KA, Zwiazek J (1995) The modern flora and plant remains from Bronze Age deposits at Kommos. In: Shaw JW, Shaw MC (eds) Kommos I: the Kommos region and the houses of the Minoan town. Part 1: The Kommos region, ecology, and Minoan industries. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 91–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Shay J, Shay T, Kapinga MR (1998) Appendix 4. The Bronze Age plant and insect remains and modern vegetation. In: Wahlberg G (ed) Excavations on the Acropolis of Midea: results of the Greek-Swedish Excavations, vol 1.1: the excavations on the Lower Terraces 1985–1991. Åströms Förlag, Stockholm, pp 299–357 (Skrifter Uutgivna av Svenska Institutet I Athens 4° 49)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelmerdine CW (1985) The perfume industry of Mycenaean Pylos. Åströms Förlag, Stockholm (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 34)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith R, Dabney AM, Kotzamani G, Livarda A, Tsartsidou G, Wright JC (2014) Plant use in Mycenaean mortuary practice. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Peeters, Leuven, pp 265–270 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Soles J, Davaras C (1994) Excavations at Mochlos 1990–1991. Hesperia 63:391–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soles J, Davaras C (1996) Excavations at Mochlos, 1992–1993. Hesperia 65:175–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stratouli G, Sarpaki A, Ntinou M, Kotjabopoulou E, Theodoropoulou T, Melfos V, Andreasen NH, Karkanas P (2014) Dialogues between bioarchaeological, geoarcheological and archaeological data: approaches to understanding the Neolithic use of Drakaina Cave, Kephalonia island, western Greece. In: Touchais G, Laffineur R, Rougemont F (eds) Physis. L’environnement naturel et la relation homme-milieu dans le monde égéen Protohistorique. Peeters, Leuven, pp 23–32 (Aegaeum 37)

    Google Scholar 

  • Terral J-F, Alonso N, Buxó i Capdevila R et al (2004) Historical biogeography of olive domestication (Olea europaea L.) as revealed by geometrical morphometry applied to biological and archaeological material. J Biogeogr 31:63–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Theochares D (1958) Εκ της προκεραμεικής Θεσσαλίας. Προσωρινή ανασκαφική έκθεσις [From the preceramic period of Thessaly, Preliminary excavation report, in Greek]. Thessalika 1:70–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Théry-Parisot I, Chabal L, Chrzavzez J (2010) Anthracology and taphonomy, from wood gathering to charcoal analysis. A review of the taphonomic processes modifying charcoal assemblages, in archaeological contexts. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 291:142–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiverios Μ (2008) Greek colonisation of the northern Aegean. In: Tsetskhladze GR (ed) Greek colonisation: an account of Greek colonies and other settlements overseas II. Brill, Leiden, pp 1–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzedakis I, Martlew H (eds) (1999) Μινωιτών και Μυκηναίων Γεύσεις [Minoan and Mycenaean flavours, in Greek]. Kapon, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Valamoti SM (2009) An archaeobotanical investigation of prehistoric diet in Greece (in Greek). University Studio Press, Thessaloniki

    Google Scholar 

  • Valamoti SM, Papanthimou A, Pilali A (2008) Cooking ingredients from Bronze Age Archondiko: the archaeobotanical evidence. In: Facorellis Y, Zacharias N, Polikreti K (eds) Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium of the Hellenic Society for Archaeometry. Archaeopress, Oxford, pp 187–194 (BAR Int Ser 1746)

  • Vetters M, Brysbaert A, Ntinou M, Tsartsidou G, Margaritis E (2016) People and plants: piecing together archaeological and archaeobotanical, data to reconstruct plant use and craft activities in Mycenaean Tiryns. Opuscula 9:93–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Vickery KF (1936) Food in early Greece. University of Illinois, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Wace AJB (1921-23) Excavations at Mycenae. British School at Athens, London, pp 1–126 (Annuals of the British school at Athens 25)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright JC, Pappi E, Triantaphyllou S, Dabney MK, Karkanas P, Kotzamani G, Livarda A (2008) Nemea valley archaeological project, excavations at Barnavos: final report. Hesperia 77:607–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D, Spiegel-Roy P (1975) Beginnings of fruit growing in the old world. Science 31:319–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D, Hopf M, Weiss E (2012) Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of domesticated plants in southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Zois A (1992) Βασιλική Ιεράπετρας [Vasiliki Ierapetras, in Greek]. Work Archaeol Soc Athens 1991:109–111

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all excavators who have entrusted us with the study of archaeobotanical material from their sites. Funding of work contributed in this article has been provided by INSTAP and ESF-NSRF Thalis (Maria Ntinou), the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Research Committee (Eugenia Gkatzogia), and the European Research Council project PLANTCULT, “Identifying the food cultures of ancient Europe”, under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant Agreement no. 682529, Consolidator Grant 2016–2021). Tassos Bekiaris helped with Fig. 2, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga prepared the maps and J. Perreault kindly made available the material from Argilos. We thank H. Blitzer, N. Kennel, A. Livarda, P. Nigdelis, P. Anagnostoudis, N. Vouronikou, A. Tzelepidou and Tz. Popova for help with the literature. We also wish to thank James Greig for editing the text, and Charlène Bouchaud and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of History and Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Soultana Maria Valamoti, Eugenia Gkatzogia & Maria Ntinou

  2. M.H. Wiener Laboratory, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 54 Souidias Street, 106 76, Athens, Greece

    Maria Ntinou

Authors
  1. Soultana Maria Valamoti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eugenia Gkatzogia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maria Ntinou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soultana Maria Valamoti.

Additional information

Communicated by C. Bouchaud.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Valamoti, S.M., Gkatzogia, E. & Ntinou, M. Did Greek colonisation bring olive growing to the north? An integrated archaeobotanical investigation of the spread of Olea europaea in Greece from the 7th to the 1st millennium bc. Veget Hist Archaeobot 27, 177–195 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0631-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0631-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation