Abstract
Objectives
Lung adenocarcinomas which manifest as ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have different degrees of pathological invasion and differentiating among them is critical for treatment. Our goal was to evaluate the addition of marginal features to a baseline radiomics model on computed tomography (CT) images to predict the degree of pathologic invasiveness.
Methods
We identified 236 patients from two cohorts (training, n = 189; validation, n = 47) who underwent surgery for GGNs. All GGNs were pathologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). The regions of interest were semi-automatically annotated and 40 radiomics features were computed. We selected features using L1-norm regularization to build the baseline radiomics model. Additional marginal features were developed using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of intratumoral intensities. An improved model was built combining the baseline model with CDF features. Three classifiers were tested for both models.
Results
The baseline radiomics model included five features and resulted in an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8419 (training) and 0.9142 (validation) for the three classifiers. The second model, with the additional marginal features, resulted in AUCs of 0.8560 (training) and 0.9581 (validation). All three classifiers performed better with the added features. The support vector machine showed the most performance improvement (AUC improvement = 0.0790) and the best performance was achieved by the logistic classifier (validation AUC = 0.9825).
Conclusion
Our novel marginal features, when combined with a baseline radiomics model, can help differentiate IA from AIS and MIA on preoperative CT scans.
Key Points
• Our novel marginal features could improve the existing radiomics model to predict the degree of pathologic invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Abbreviations
- AIS:
-
Adenocarcinoma in situ
- AUC:
-
Area under the curve
- CDF:
-
Cumulative distribution function
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- DFS:
-
Disease-free survival
- GGNs:
-
Ground-glass nodules
- GLCM:
-
Gray-level co-occurrence matrix
- HU:
-
Hounsfield unit
- IA:
-
Invasive adenocarcinoma
- ISZM:
-
Intensity size zone matrix
- LASSO:
-
Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
- MIA:
-
Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
- MSE:
-
Mean squared error
- RF:
-
Random forest
- ROC:
-
Receiver operator characteristic
- ROI:
-
Region of interest
- SVM:
-
Support vector machine
- VNC:
-
Virtual non-contrast-enhanced
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Funding
This research was supported by Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI17C0086), National Research Foundation (NRF-2019R1H1A2079721 and NRF-2017M2A2A7A02018568), Ministry of Science and ICT (IITP-2019-2018-0-01798), IITP grant funded by the AI Graduate School Support Program (No. 2019-0-00421), and Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R015-D1).
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Some study subjects have been previously reported in (Son JY, Lee HY, Kim JH, et al (2016) Quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary ground-glass opacity nodules for distinguishing invasive adenocarcinoma from non-invasive or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma: the added value of using iodine mapping. Eur Radiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3816-y.)
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• Multicenter study
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Cho, Hh., Lee, G., Lee, H.Y. et al. Marginal radiomics features as imaging biomarkers for pathological invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. Eur Radiol 30, 2984–2994 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06581-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06581-2