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Increased CO2 modifies the carbon balance and the photosynthetic yield of two common Arctic brown seaweeds: Desmarestia aculeata and Alaria esculenta

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Abstract

Ocean acidification affects with special intensity Arctic ecosystems, being marine photosynthetic organisms a primary target, although the consequences of this process in the carbon fluxes of Arctic algae are still unknown. The alteration of the cellular carbon balance due to physiological acclimation to an increased CO2 concentration (1300 ppm) in the common Arctic brown seaweeds Desmarestia aculeata and Alaria esculenta from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) was analysed. Growth rate of D. aculeata was negatively affected by CO2 enrichment, while A. esculenta was positively affected, as a result of a different reorganization of the cellular carbon budget in both species. Desmarestia aculeata showed increased respiration, enhanced accumulation of storage biomolecules and elevated release of dissolved organic carbon, whereas A. esculenta showed decreased respiration and lower accumulation of storage biomolecules. Gross photosynthesis (measured both as O2 evolution and 14C fixation) was not affected in any of them, suggesting that photosynthesis was already saturated at normal CO2 conditions and did not participate in the acclimation response. However, electron transport rate changed in both species in opposite directions, indicating different energy requirements between treatments and species specificity. High CO2 levels also affected the N-metabolism, and 13C isotopic discrimination values from algal tissue pointed to a deactivation of carbon concentrating mechanisms. Since increased CO2 has the potential to modify physiological mechanisms in different ways in the species studied, it is expected that this may lead to changes in the Arctic seaweed community, which may propagate to the rest of the food web.

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Acknowledgments

This work was performed at the International Arctic Environmental Research and Monitoring Facility at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, Norway. It was financed by the project CTM2011-24007/ANT from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation. Concepcion Iñiguez and M. Rosario Lorenzo were supported by a FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry for Education. Finally, we thank the AWI diving team and Elisabeth Helmke (AWI) for assistance with 14C counting.

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  1. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Boulevard Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010, Málaga, Spain

    Concepción Iñiguez, Raquel Carmona, M. Rosario Lorenzo, F. Xavier Niell & Francisco J. L. Gordillo

  2. Department Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Christian Wiencke

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  1. Concepción Iñiguez
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  2. Raquel Carmona
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Correspondence to Concepción Iñiguez.

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This article belongs to the special issue on the “Kongsfjorden ecosystem—new views after more than a decade of research”, coordinated by Christian Wiencke and Haakon Hop.

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Iñiguez, C., Carmona, R., Lorenzo, M.R. et al. Increased CO2 modifies the carbon balance and the photosynthetic yield of two common Arctic brown seaweeds: Desmarestia aculeata and Alaria esculenta . Polar Biol 39, 1979–1991 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1724-x

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