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An improved protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of Setaria italica

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Abstract

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An efficient and improved transformation method for functional genetics studies in S. italica, being a boon for the Setaria scientific community and for crop improvement.

Abstract

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is a short life cycle C4 plant, with sequenced genome, and a potential model plant for C4 species. S. italica is also important on a global food security and healthiness context due to its importance in arid and semi-arid areas. However, despite its importance, there are just few transformation protocols directed to this species. The current protocols reached about 5.5–9% of efficiency, which do not make it a valuable model organism. Different types of explants were used in the above mentioned methods, such as immature and mature inflorescence and shoot apex. However, these techniques have many limitations, such as unavailability of explants throughout the year and a crucial, laborious and considerable time-consuming selection. Aiming a simplified and efficient methodology, we adopted dry mature seeds as explants, which are available in abundance, are constant along the year and well responsive to tissue culture, in addition to a differentiated approach that reaches on an average 19.2% transformation efficiency of S. italica. Thus, we propose a protocol that optimizes the transformation efficiency of this cereal crop allowing a high increase on transformation and regeneration rates. Our transformation protocol provides an interesting tool for Setaria community research as well as enables new strategies for breeding enhanced productivity in the species.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to São Paulo Research Foundation for financial support (FAPESP 2012/23838-7 and 2018/15576-9) and Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 141437/2017-0) for Grants provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal Do ABC, São Bernardo Do Campo, SP, Brazil

    C. M. Santos, D. Romeiro, J. P. Silva & D. C. Centeno

  2. Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    M. F. Basso & H. B. C. Molinari

Authors
  1. C. M. Santos
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  2. D. Romeiro
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  3. J. P. Silva
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  4. M. F. Basso
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  5. H. B. C. Molinari
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  6. D. C. Centeno
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Contributions

DCC conceived and designed the experiments. HBCM, JPNS and MFB transferred the knowledge of the Setaria viridis transformation protocol between institutions. CMS and DR provided intellectual input, performed all assays and wrote the first version of manuscript. DCC, HBCM, JPNS and MFB revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to D. C. Centeno.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Communicated by Neal Stewart.

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Santos, C.M., Romeiro, D., Silva, J.P. et al. An improved protocol for efficient transformation and regeneration of Setaria italica. Plant Cell Rep 39, 501–510 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02505-y

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