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Differential regulation of defence pathways in aromatic and non-aromatic indica rice cultivars towards fluoride toxicity

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Excessive bioaccumulation of fluoride in IR-64 caused low abscisic acid level, inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and ascorbate–glutathione cycle but not in Gobindobhog which had higher antioxidant activity.

Abstract

The current study presents regulation of diverse metabolic and molecular defence pathways during fluoride stress in non-aromatic rice variety, IR-64 and aromatic rice variety, Gobindobhog (GB). Increasing concentration of fluoride affected fresh weight, dry weight, vigour index and relative water content to a lesser extent in GB compared to IR-64. GB exhibited lower methylglyoxal accumulation and lipoxygenase activity compared to IR-64 during stress. The level of osmolytes (proline, amino acids and glycine-betaine) increased in both the stressed varieties. The biosynthesis of higher polyamines was stimulated in stressed GB. IR-64 accumulated higher amount of putrescine due to degradation of higher polyamines as supported by gene expression analysis. Unlike IR-64, GB efficiently maintained the ascorbate–glutathione cycle due to much lower fluoride bioaccumulation, compared to IR-64. GB adapted to fluoride stress by strongly inducing guaiacol peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and a novel isozyme of superoxide dismutase. While GB accumulated higher abscisic acid (ABA) level during stress, IR-64 exhibited slow ABA degradation which enabled induction of associated osmotic stress-responsive genes. Unlike GB, ABA-independent DREB2A was downregulated in stressed IR-64. The research illustrates varietal differences in the defence machinery of the susceptible variety, IR-64, and the well adapted cultivar, GB, on prolonged exposure to increasing concentrations of fluoride.

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Acknowledgements

Financial assistance from Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India through the grant [EMR/2016/004799] and Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, through the Grant [264(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-80/2017] to Dr. Aryadeep Roychoudhury is gratefully acknowledged. Mr. Aditya Banerjee is thankful to University Grants Commission, Government of India, for providing Junior Research Fellowship in course of this work.

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  1. Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India

    Aditya Banerjee & Aryadeep Roychoudhury

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  1. Aditya Banerjee
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AB performed the experiments and generated data. AB and ARC drafted the manuscript. ARC supervised the entire work, provided critical comments and suggested and incorporated necessary corrections or modifications within the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aryadeep Roychoudhury.

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Banerjee, A., Roychoudhury, A. Differential regulation of defence pathways in aromatic and non-aromatic indica rice cultivars towards fluoride toxicity. Plant Cell Rep 38, 1217–1233 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-019-02438-6

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