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Oxidative damage and antioxidative indicators in 48 h germinated rice embryos during the vitrification–cryopreservation procedure

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Abstract

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Cu/Zn SOD and other genes may be critical indicators of a stress response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in 48 h germinated rice embryos subjected to vitrification cryopreservation.

Abstract

In the current study, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was investigated in 48 h germinated rice embryos during the vitrification–cryopreservation process. We found that vitrification–cryopreservation significantly affected ROS levels, especially superoxide anion levels, in 48 h germinated rice embryos. Malonaldehyde content in the apical meristems of germinated embryos was significantly positively correlated with the rate of superoxide anion generation and the highest levels of malonaldehyde content were reached after vitrification treatment. Cell viability in 48 h germinated embryos was significantly negatively correlated with the rate of superoxide anion generation, malonaldehyde content, and electrolyte leakage. Spatial and temporal patterns in ROS accumulation in these embryos existed during the vitrification procedure. Among the vitrification–cryopreservation treatments we assessed, the preculture treatment was found to stimulate superoxide anion generation and to activate the response system in the apical meristems of germinated embryos. Loading treatments motivated the catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. During the vitrification–dehydration treatment, oxidative stress reached the highest levels causing an antioxidative response. This response involved antioxidant enzymes promoting detoxification of ROS. Based on a comprehensive correlation analysis involving ROS accumulation, cell viability, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and gene expression profiles, Cu/Zn SOD, CAT1, APX7, GR2, GR3, MDHAR1, and DHAR1 may be critical indicators of oxidative stress affected by the vitrification–cryopreservation treatments. The investigation of these antioxidative responses in 48 h germinated rice embryos may, therefore, provide useful information with respect to plant vitrification–cryopreservation.

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Abbreviations

·OH:

Hydroxyl radicals

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CAT:

Catalase

DAB:

Diaminobenzidine

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

DW:

Dry weight

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

EL:

Electrolyte leakage

FW:

Fresh weight

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

LN:

Liquid nitrogen

LS:

Loading solution

MDA:

Malonaldehyde

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

O2 ·− :

Superoxide anion

PVS:

Plant vitrification solution

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TTC:

Triphenyltetrazolium chloride

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/Crop Germplasm resources Preservation and sharing Innovation Team (CAAS, ASTIP), Crop Germplasm Resources Protection, Utilization Special Grant from the Ministry of Agriculture, and Science and Technology Innovation Grant from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (KFA17414A). The authors would like to acknowledge Gayle M Volk (National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A.) for assistance in revisions of the manuscript.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crop, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Huang & Yuan-Chang Zhou

  2. National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Bin Huang, Jin-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Ling Chen, Xia Xin, Guang-Kun Yin, Juan-Juan He & Xin-Xiong Lu

  3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Huang & Yuan-Chang Zhou

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  1. Bin Huang
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Huang, B., Zhang, JM., Chen, XL. et al. Oxidative damage and antioxidative indicators in 48 h germinated rice embryos during the vitrification–cryopreservation procedure. Plant Cell Rep 37, 1325–1342 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-018-2315-4

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