References
Marai I, Zandman-Goddard G, Schoenfeld Y (2004) The systemic nature of antiphospholipid syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 33:365–372
Sebastiani GD, Galeazzi M, Morozi G, Marcolongo R (1996) The immunogenetics of the antiphospholipid syndrome, anticardiolipin, and lupus anticoagulant. Semin Arthritis Rheum 25:414–420
Camps MT, Cuadrado MJ, Alonso A, Gutierrez A, Guil M et al (1995) Association between HLA class II antigens and primary antiphospholipid syndrome from the south of Spain. Lupus 4:51–55
Asherson RA, Doherty GG, Vergani D, Khamashta MA, Hughes GRV (1992) Major histocompattibility complex association with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 35:124–125
Wilson WA, Gharavi AE (1996) Genetic factors for aPL syndrome. Lupus 5:398–403
Uthman I, Khamashta M (2005) Ethnic and geographical variation in antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 64:1671–1676
Alarcon-Segovia D, Perez-Vazquez ME, Villa AR, Drenkard C, Cabiedes J (1992) Preliminary classification criteria for the antiphospholipid syndrome within systemic lupus erythematosus. Sein Arthritis Rhem 21:275–286
Wilson WA, Gharavi AE, Koike T, Lockshin MD, Ware Branch D, Piette JC (1999) International consensus statement on preliminary classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 42:1309–1311
Valluri V, Mustafa M, Santosh A, Middelton D, Alvarez M, El Haj M et al (2005) Frequencies of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ phenotypes in the United Arab Emirates population. Tissue Antigens 66:107–113
Freitas MV, da Silva LM, Deghaide NH, Louzada-Junior P (2004) Is HLA class II susceptibility to primary antiphospholipid syndrome different from susceptibility to secondary antiphospholipid syndrome? Lupus 13:125–131
Christiansen OB, Ulcova-Gallova Z, Mohapella H, Krauz V (1998) Studies on associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles and antiphospholipid antibodies in Danish and Czech women with recurrent miscarriages. Hum Reprod 13:3326–3321
Golucci AT, Di Lorenzo G, Ingrassia A, Crescimanno G, Modica MA, Candore G et al (1992) Blood antiphospholipid antibody levels are influenced by age, sex and HLA-B8, DR3 phenotype. Exp Clin Immunogenet 9:72–79
Vargas-Alarcon G, Granados J, Bekker C, Alcocer-Varela J, Alarcon-Segovia (1995) Association of HLA-DR5 (possibly DRB1*1201) with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome in Mexican patients. Arthritis Rheum 38:1340–1341
Sebastiani GD, Galeazzi M, Tinconi A, Scarza R, Mathieu A, Passiu G et al (2003) HLA-DPB1 class II alleles association of anticardiolipin and anti-beta 2GPI antibodies in a large series of European patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 12:560–563
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al Attia, H.M., Santhosh, A. A probe into the HLA-DR and DQ of Arab patients with primary antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Rheumatol Int 28, 193–195 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-007-0387-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-007-0387-5