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Influence of Symbiotic Probiont Strains on the Growth of Amphora and Chlorella and Its Potential Protections Against Vibrio spp. in Artemia

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Abstract

The emerging aquaculture industry is in need of non-antibiotic-based disease control approaches to minimize the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bacterial infections mainly caused by Vibrio spp. have caused mass mortalities of fish especially during the larval stages. The objectives of this study were to verify the potential of symbiotic probiont strains, isolated from microalgae (Amphora, Chlorella, and Spirulina) for suppressing the growth of Vibrio spp. and at the same time ascertain their abilities to enhance microalgal biomass by mutualistic interactions through microalgae–bacteria symbiosis. In addition, in vivo studies on Artemia bioencapsulated with probiont strains (single strain and mix strains) and microalgae were evaluated. The selected potential probionts were identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain A-1 (LFA-1), Bacillus sp. strain A-2 (BA-2), Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain Cl-3 (LFCl-3), and Bacillus pocheonensis strain S-2 (BPS-2) using 16s rRNA. The cell densities of Amphora culture supplemented with BA-2 and Chlorella culture supplemented with LFCl-3 were higher than those of the controls. Artemia bioencapsulated with mix strains (LFA-1 + BA-2 + LFCl-3 + BPS-2) and Amphora demonstrated the highest survival rate compared to the controls, after being challenged with V. harveyi (60 ± 4%) and V. parahaemolyticus (78 ± 2%). Our study postulated that BA-2 and LFCl-3 were found to be good promoting bacteria for microalgal growth and microalgae serve as a vector to transport probiotic into Artemia. Moreover, mixture of potential probionts is beneficial for Artemia supplementation in conferring protection to Artemia nauplii against pathogenic Vibrios.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Universiti Putra Malaysia High Impact Grant (vote no: 9553100). The facilities was supported by Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HiCoE), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia, and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST/Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)) through their Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS-COSMOS) program with matching funds from Ministry of Education (MOE), Malaysia. Natasya Ain Rosland.

Funding

This research was supported by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/2/2013/STWN03/UPM/02/4). Special thanks to Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) through SATREPS JICA-JST COSMOS 2016–2021 and Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HiCoE) grant of Innovative Vaccine and Therapeutics against Fish Diseases, Vote No.: 6369100 for providing facilities at Institute of Bioscience and Faculty of Agriculture, UPM.

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  1. Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Natasya-Ain Rosland, Natrah Ikhsan & Chong C. Min

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Natrah Ikhsan, Chong C. Min, Fatimah M. Yusoff & Murni Karim

  3. International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS) UPM, Jalan Kemang Indah 6 Teluk Kemang, 70150, Batu 7Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

    Fatimah M. Yusoff & Murni Karim

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N-AR and MK: This study was designed and conducted. MK, as the corresponding author, provided conceptual and technical guidance for all aspects in this research. NI, CCM, and FMY contributed their ideas, instruments, and reagents needed for this research. N-AR: This manuscript was drafted and MK: approved.

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Rosland, NA., Ikhsan, N., Min, C.C. et al. Influence of Symbiotic Probiont Strains on the Growth of Amphora and Chlorella and Its Potential Protections Against Vibrio spp. in Artemia. Curr Microbiol 78, 3901–3912 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02642-2

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