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Diversity of Prokaryotic Community at a Shallow Marine Hydrothermal Site Elucidated by Illumina Sequencing Technology

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Abstract

To investigate the prokaryotic community structure and composition in an active hydrothermal site, named Black Point, off Panarea Island (Eolian Islands, Italy), we examined sediment and fluid samples, differing in temperature, by a massive parallel sequencing (Illumina) technique targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The used technique enabled us to detect a greater prokaryotic diversity than that until now observed and to reveal also microorganisms occurring at very low abundance (≤0.01 %). Most of sequences were assigned to Bacteria while Archaea were a minor component of the microbial community in both low- and high-temperature samples. Proteobacteria (mainly consisting of Alpha-, Gamma-, and Epsilonproteobacteria) dominated among all samples followed by Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Analyzed DNA obtained from samples taken at different temperatures indicated the presence of members of different dominant genera. The main differences were observed between sediment samples where Rhodovulum and Thiohalospira prevailed at high temperature, while Thalassomonas and Sulfurimonas at low temperature. Chlorobium, Acinetobacter, Sulfurimonas, and Brevundimonas were abundant in both low- and high-temperature fluid samples. Euryarchaeota dominated the archaeal community in all samples. Classes of Euryarchaeota embracing hyperthermophilic members (Thermococci and Thermoplasmata) and of Crenarchaeota (Thermoprotei) were more abundant in high-temperature samples. A great number of sequences referred to Bacteria and Archaea still remained unaffiliated, indicating that Black Point site represents a rich source of so-far uncharted prokaryotic diversity.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Franco Italiano at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy) for help with sample collection and for supply geochemical data. We thank Dr. Pia Wüst at the Leibniz-Institut DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (Braunschweig GmbH, Germany), for her support in the laboratory and critical comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy

    Valeria Lentini, Concetta Gugliandolo & Teresa L. Maugeri

  2. Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Boyke Bunk & Jörg Overmann

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  1. Valeria Lentini
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  2. Concetta Gugliandolo
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Correspondence to Concetta Gugliandolo.

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Lentini, V., Gugliandolo, C., Bunk, B. et al. Diversity of Prokaryotic Community at a Shallow Marine Hydrothermal Site Elucidated by Illumina Sequencing Technology. Curr Microbiol 69, 457–466 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-014-0609-5

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