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Clinical and prognostic role of sarcopenia based on masticatory muscle index on MR images in patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type

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Abstract

Sarcopenia is known to be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in a variety of malignancies, but its impact in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT) is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic relevance of sarcopenia defined by MRI-based masticatory muscle index in ENKTL-NT patients. A total of 112 patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL-NT who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled. The masticatory skeletal muscle index (M-SMI) was measured based on T2-weighted MR images and sarcopenia was defined by M-SMI<5.5 cm2/ m2. The median M-SMI was 5.47 (4.91–5.96) cm2/m2; 58 were identified with sarcopenia in this cohort. On multivariate analyses, sarcopenia was the only independently risk factor predicting overall survival (HR, 4.590; 95% CI, 1.657–12.715; p = 0.003), progression-free survival (HR, 3.048; 95% CI, 1.515–6.130; p = 0.002), and treatment response (HR, 0.112; 95% CI, 0.042–0.301; p < 0.001). In addition, we found that integrating sarcopenia into prognostic indices could improve the discriminative power of the corresponding original model. Stratification analysis showed that sarcopenia was able to further identify survival differences in patients that could not be distinguished by prognostic models. In summary, our study suggests that sarcopenia defined by MRI-based M-SMI represents a new and routinely applicable prognostic indicator of clinical outcome or predictor of treatment response in ENKTL-NT patients, and may aid in risk stratification and treatment decisions.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding authors.

Abbreviations

ENKTL-NT :

extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type

NHL :

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

EBV :

Epstein-Barr virus

MRI :

magnetic resonance imaging

CT :

computed tomography

M-SMI :

masticatory muscle index

PFS :

progression-free survival

OS :

overall survival

IPI :

International Prognostic Index

KPI :

Korean Prognostic Index

PINK :

Prognostic Index of Natural Killer Lymphoma

NRI :

Nomogram-revised Risk Index

SMI :

skeletal muscle index

L3 :

third lumbar vertebra

CSA :

cross-sectional area

LDH :

lactate dehydrogenase

ECOG PS :

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status

RLN :

regional lymph node

DLN :

distant lymph node

BMI :

body mass index

OR :

odds ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Tianzi Xu, Yi Li, Yixin Liu, Biao Ning & Yongchang Wei

  2. Department of Lymphoma Medicine (Breast Cancer & Soft Tissue Tumor Medicine), Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430079, China

    Huijing Wu

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  1. Tianzi Xu
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  2. Yi Li
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  5. Huijing Wu
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Contributions

TZX contributed to conception, design, and manuscript preparation. YL conducted analyzed data and revised the manuscript. YXL and BN prepared figures and tables. YCW and HJW provided the study design and supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huijing Wu or Yongchang Wei.

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Ethics approval

The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration.

Patient consent

Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the present study, and data of the participants have been anonymized.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Xu, T., Li, Y., Liu, Y. et al. Clinical and prognostic role of sarcopenia based on masticatory muscle index on MR images in patients with extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. Ann Hematol 102, 3521–3532 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05436-7

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