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Non-coding RNAs in leukemia drug resistance: new perspectives on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways

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Abstract

Like almost all cancer types, timely diagnosis is needed for leukemias to be effectively cured. Drug efflux, attenuated drug uptake, altered drug metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are just several of the key mechanisms by which drug resistance develops. All of these mechanisms are orchestrated by up- and downregulators, in which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not encode specific proteins in most cases; albeit, some of them have been found to exhibit the potential for protein-coding. Notwithstanding, ncRNAs are chiefly known for their contribution to the regulation of physiological processes, as well as the pathological ones, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Specifically, in the case of leukemia chemo-resistance, ncRNAs have been recognized to be responsible for modulating the initiation and progression of drug resistance. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the role of ncRNAs, specifically its effect on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, in the development of leukemia drug resistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Atefe Rahmati

  2. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

    Atefe Rahmati & Zahra Alishahi

  3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Alireza Mafi

  4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Omid Vakili

  5. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Firooze Soleymani

  6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Sheida Yahyazadeh

  7. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Yasaman Gholinezhad

  8. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Malihe Rezaee

  9. Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Malihe Rezaee

  10. Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Thomas P. Johnston

  11. Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  12. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  13. Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

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  1. Atefe Rahmati
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  2. Alireza Mafi
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  7. Yasaman Gholinezhad
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  8. Malihe Rezaee
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  10. Amirhossein Sahebkar
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Contributions

The authors confirm contributions to this paper as follows: AR: wrote the manuscript and prepared the figures and tables. AM: conceptualized the review and modified the manuscript. OV, FS, ZA, SY, YG, and MR: collected the relevant literature and proposed amendments. AS: critically revised and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Amirhossein Sahebkar.

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Rahmati, A., Mafi, A., Vakili, O. et al. Non-coding RNAs in leukemia drug resistance: new perspectives on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Ann Hematol 103, 1455–1482 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-023-05383-3

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