References
Hehlmann R, Heimpel H, Hasford J, Kolb HJ, Pralle H, Hossfeld DK, Queisser W, Löffler H, Heinze B, Georgii A (1993) Randomized comparison of busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia: prolongation of survival by hydroxyurea. The German CML Study Group. Blood 82:398–407
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialist’s Collaborative Group (2000) Hydroxyurea versus busulphan for chronic myeloid leukaemia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of three randomized trials. Br J Haematol 110:573–576
Hehlmann R, Heimpel H, Hasford J, Kolb HJ, Pralle H, Hossfeld DK, Queisser W, Loffler H, Hochhaus A, Heinze B (1994) Randomized comparison of interferon-alpha with busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group. Blood 84:4064–4077
Hehlmann R, Berger U, Pfirrmann M, Hochhaus A, Metzgeroth G, Maywald J, Hasford J, Reiter A, Hossfeld DK, Kolb HJ, Löffler H, Pralle H, Queisser W, Griesshammer M, Nerl C, Kuse R, Tobler A, Eimermacher H, Tichelli A, Aul C, Wilhelm M, Fischer JT, Perker M, Scheid C, Schenk M, Weiß J, Meier CR, Kremers S, Labedzki L, Schmeiser T, Lohrmann HP, Heimpel H, and the German CML Study Group (2003) Randomized comparison of interferon alpha and hydroxyurea with hydroxyurea monotherapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-study II): prolongation of survival by the combination of interferon alpha and hydroxyurea. Leukemia 17:1529–1537
Bonifazi F, de Vivo A, Rosti G, Guilhot F, Guilhot J, Trabacchi E, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A, Shepherd PC, Steegmann JL, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Thaler J, Simonsson B, Louwagie A, Reiffers J, Mahon FX, Montefusco E, Alimena G, Hasford J, Richards S, Saglio G, Testoni N, Martinelli G, Tura S, Baccarani M (2001) Chronic myeloid leukemia and interferon-alpha: a study of complete cytogenetic responders. Blood 98:3074–3081
Mahon FX, Delbrel X, Cony-Makhoul P, Faberes C, Boiron JM, Barthe C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Pigneux A, Marit G, Reiffers J (2002) Follow-up of complete cytogenetic remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after cessation of interferon alfa. J Clin Oncol 20:214–220
The Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (1994) Interferon alfa-2a as compared with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 330:820–825
Guilhot F, Chastang C, Michallet M, Guerci A, Harousseau JL, Maloisel F, Bouabdallah R, Guyotat D, Cheron N, Nicolini F, Abgrall JF, Tanzer J (1997) Interferon alfa-2b combined with cytarabine versus interferon alone in chronic myelogenous leukemia. French Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Study Group. N Engl J Med 337:223–229
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Trialists’ Collaborative Group (1997) Interferon alfa versus chemotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: a meta-analysis of seven randomized trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:1616–1620
Baccarani M, Rosti G, de Vivo A, Bonifazi F, Russo D, Martinelli G, Testoni N, Amabile M, Fiacchini M, Montefusco E, Saglio G, Tura S (2002) A randomized study of interferon-alpha versus interferon-alpha and low-dose arabinosyl cytosine in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 99:1527–1535
Hasford J, Pfirrmann M, Hehlmann R, Allan NC, Baccarani M, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Alimena G, Steegmann JL, Ansari H (1998) A new prognostic score for survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with interferon alfa. Writing Committee for the Collaborative CML Prognostic Factors Project Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 90:850–858
Kantarjian HM, Smith TL, O’Brien S, Beran M, Pierce S, Talpaz M (1995) Prolonged survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia after cytogenetic response to interferon-alpha therapy. The Leukemia Service. Ann Intern Med 122:254–261
Mahon FX, Montastruc M, Faberes C, Reiffers J (1994) Predicting complete cytogenetic response in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients treated with recombinant interferon alpha. Blood 84:3592–3594
Hochhaus A, Reiter A, Saussele S, Reichert A, Emig M, Kaeda J, Schultheis B, Berger U, Shepherd PC, Allan NC, Hehlmann R, Goldman JM, Cross NC (2000) Molecular heterogeneity in complete cytogenetic responders after interferon-alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia: low levels of minimal residual disease are associated with continuing remission. German CML Study Group and the UK MRC CML Study Group. Blood 95:62–66
Hochhaus A, Lin F, Reiter A, Skladny H, van Rhee F, Shepherd PC, Allan NC, Hehlmann R, Goldman JM, Cross NC (1995) Variable numbers of BCR-ABL transcripts persist in CML patients who achieve complete cytogenetic remission with interferon-alpha. Br J Haematol 91:126–131
Hochhaus A, Lin F, Reiter A, Skladny H, Mason PJ, van Rhee F, Shepherd PC, Allan NC, Hehlmann R, Goldman JM, Cross NC (1996) Quantification of residual disease in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients on interferon-alpha therapy by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Blood 87:1549–1555
Reiter A, Marley SB, Hochhaus A, Sohal J, Raanani P, Hehlmann R, Gordon MY, Goldman JM, Cross NC (1998) BCR-ABL-positive progenitors in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in complete cytogenetic remission after treatment with interferon-alpha. Br J Haematol 102:1271–1278
Reiter A, Hehlmann R, Berger U, Hochhaus A, Pfirrmann M, Hasford J, Heimpel H, Hossfeld DK, Huber C, Kolb HJ, Löffler H, Pralle H, Queisser W, Gratwohl A, Tobler A, and the German CML Study Group (2002) Randomized comparison of early allogeneic related stem cell transplantation vs. IFN-based therapy in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): results of the German CML study III (abstract). Onkologie 25 [Suppl 4]:177
Gale RP, Hehlmann R, Zhang MJ, Hasford J, Goldman JM, Heimpel H, Hochhaus A, Klein JP, Kolb HJ, McGlave PB, Passweg JR, Rowlings PA, Sobocinski KA, Horowitz MM (1998) Survival with bone marrow transplantation versus hydroxyurea or interferon for chronic myelogenous leukemia. The German CML Study Group. Blood 91:1810–1819
Italian Cooperative Study Group on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Italian Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (1999) Monitoring treatment and survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 17:1858–1868
Goldman JM, Szydlo R, Horowitz MM, Gale RP, Ash RC, Atkinson K, Dicke KA, Gluckman E, Herzig RH, Marmont A (1993) Choice of pretransplant treatment and timing of transplants for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Blood 82:2235–2238
Hansen JA, Gooley TA, Martin PJ, Appelbaum F, Chauncey TR, Clift RA, Petersdorf EW, Radich J, Sanders JE, Storb RF, Sullivan KM, Anasetti C (1998) Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 338:962–968
Clift RA, Radich J, Appelbaum FR, Martin P, Flowers ME, Deeg HJ, Storb R, Thomas ED (1999) Long-term follow-up of a randomized study comparing cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide for patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants during chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 94:3960–3962
McSweeney PA, Niederwieser D, Shizuru JA, Sandmaier BM, Molina AJ, Maloney DG, Chauncey TR, Gooley TA, Hegenbart U, Nash RA, Radich J, Wagner JL, Minor S, Appelbaum FR, Bensinger WI, Bryant E, Flowers ME, Georges GE, Grumet FC, Kiem HP, Torok-Storb B, Yu C, Blume KG, Storb RF (2001) Hematopoietic cell transplantation in older patients with hematologic malignancies: replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus-tumor effects. Blood 97:3390–3400
Druker BJ, Tamura S, Buchdunger E, Ohno S, Segal GM, Fanning S, Zimmermann J, Lydon NB (1996) Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells. Nat Med 2:561–566
Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM, Lydon NB, Kantarjian H, Capdeville R, Ohno-Jones S, Sawyers CL (2001) Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 344:1031–1037
Sawyers CL, Hochhaus A, Feldman E, Goldman JM, Miller CB, Ottmann OG, Schiffer CA, Talpaz M, Guilhot F, Deininger MW, Fischer T, O’Brien SG, Stone RM, Gambacorti-Passerini CB, Russell NH, Reiffers JJ, Shea TC, Chapuis B, Coutre S, Tura S, Morra E, Larson RA, Saven A, Peschel C, Gratwohl A, Mandelli F, Ben Am M, Gathmann I, Capdeville R, Paquette RL, Druker BJ (2002) Imatinib induces hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in myeloid blast crisis: results of a phase II study. Blood 99:3530–3539
Talpaz M, Silver RT, Druker BJ, Goldman JM, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Guilhot F, Schiffer CA, Fischer T, Deininger MW, Lennard AL, Hochhaus A, Ottmann OG, Gratwohl A, Baccarani M, Stone R, Tura S, Mahon FX, Fernandes-Reese S, Gathmann I, Capdeville R, Kantarjian HM, Sawyers CL (2002) Imatinib induces durable hematologic and cytogenetic responses in patients with accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukemia: results of a phase 2 study. Blood 99:1928–1937
Kantarjian H, Sawyers C, Hochhaus A, Guilhot F, Schiffer C, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Niederwieser D, Resta D, Capdeville R, Zoellner U, Talpaz M, Druker B, Goldman J, O’Brien SG, Russell N, Fischer T, Ottmann O, Cony-Makhoul P, Facon T, Stone R, Miller C, Tallman M, Brown R, Schuster M, Loughran T, Gratwohl A, Mandelli F, Saglio G, Lazzarino M, Russo D, Baccarani M, Morra E (2002) Hematologic and cytogenetic responses to imatinib mesylate in chronic myelogenous leukemia. N Engl J Med 346:645–652
O’Brien S, Guilhot F, Larson RA, Gathmann I, Baccarani M, Cervantes F, Cornelissen JJ, Fischer T, Hochhaus A, Hughes T, Lechner K, Nielsen JL, Rousselot P, Reiffers J, Saglio G, Shepherd J, Simonsson B, Gratwohl A, Goldman JM, Kantarjian H, Taylor K, Verhoef G, Bolton AE, Capdeville R, Druker BJ, for the IRIS Investigators (2003) Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 348:994–1004
Kano Y, Akutsu M, Tsunoda S, Mano H, Sato Y, Honma Y, Furukawa Y (2001) In vitro cytotoxic effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents. Blood 97:1999–2007
La Rosee P, O’Dwyer ME, Druker BJ (2002) Insights from pre-clinical studies for new combination treatment regimens with the Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec) in chronic myelogenous leukemia: a translational perspective. Leukemia 16:1213–1219
Thiesing JT, Ohno-Jones S, Kolibaba KS, Druker BJ (2000) Efficacy of STI571, an abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in conjunction with other antileukemic agents against bcr-abl-positive cells. Blood 96:3195–3199
Topaly J, Zeller WJ, Fruehauf S (2001) Synergistic activity of the new ABL-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 and chemotherapeutic drugs on BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Leukemia 15:342–347
Hochhaus A, Fischer T, Brümmendorf T, Schoch C, Müller MC, Merx K, Berger U, Gschaidmeier H, Hehlmann R (2002) Imatinib (Glivec®) and pegylated interferon a2a (Pegasys®) phase I/II combination study in chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Blood 100:164a–165a
O’Dwyer ME, Mauro MJ, Kuyl JM, Paquette R, Sawyers CL, Druker B (2001) Preliminary evaluation of the combination of imatinib mesylate (gleevec) in combination with low dose interferon-alpha for the treatment of chronic phase CML. Blood 100:846a
Mauro MJ, O’Dwyer ME, Stone RM, Walker T, Wiese A, Druker BJ (2002) Preliminary evaluation of the combination of imatinib mesylate (gleevec) with low dose ara-C as initial therapy for newly diagnosed chronic phase CML. Blood 100:165a
Hochhaus A, Kreil S, Corbin AS, La Rosée P, Müller MC, Lahaye T, Hanfstein B, Schoch C, Cross NC, Berger U, Gschaidmeier H, Druker BJ, Hehlmann R (2002) Molecular and chromosomal mechanisms of resistance to imatinib (STI571) therapy. Leukemia 16:2190–2196
Hochhaus A, Kreil S, Corbin A, La Rosée P, Lahaye T, Berger U, Cross NC, Linkesch W, Druker BJ, Hehlmann R (2001) Roots of clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy. Science 293:2163a
Merx K, Müller MC, Kreil S, Lahaye T, Paschka P, Schoch C, Weisser A, Kuhn C, Berger U, Gschaidmeier H, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A (2002) Early reduction of BCR-ABL mRNA transcript levels predicts cytogenetic response in chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib after failure of interferon alpha. Leukemia 16:1579–1583
Paschka P, Müller MC, Merx K, Kreil S, Schoch C, Lahaye T, Weisser A, Petzold A, König H, Berger U, Gschaidmeier H, Hehlmann R, Hochhaus A (2003) Molecular monitoring of response to imatinib (Glivec) in CML patients pretreated with interferon alpha. Low levels of residual disease are associated with continuous remission. Leukemia 17:1687–1694
Berger U, Engelich G, Maywald O, Pfirrmann M, Hochhaus A, Reiter A, Metzgeroth G, Gnad U, Hasford J, Heinze B, Heimpel H, Hossfeld DK, Kolb HJ, Löffler H, Pralle H, Queisser W, Hehlmann R and the German CML Study Group (2003). Interferon-treatment in the elderly with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML): long-term results from randomized trials. Leukemia 17:1820–1826
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Consortia
Corresponding author
Additional information
The authors listed above wrote this contribution on behalf of the German CML Study Group
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Berger, U., Engelich, G., Reiter, A. et al. Imatinib and beyond—the new CML study IV. Ann Hematol 83, 258–264 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-003-0807-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-003-0807-x