Abstract
Tuberous and tubular breasts, two distinct deformities based on the same anatomic anomaly, are characterized by several morphologic alterations with a wide spectrum of expression. The classifications reported in the literature are based primarily on deformity of shape, but other parameters such as breast volume and symmetry often are underrated. This study aimed to define tuberous and tubular breasts and their management accurately on the basis of multiple anatomic alterations involving breast volume and symmetry as well as shape.
The records of 30 patients affected by tubular and tuberous breast were reviewed. Surgical strategy included correction of breast shape through areola and gland alterations, correction of volume asymmetry through parenchyma resection, and volume augmentation through permanent expandable breast implant insertion. All the patients were treated bilaterally.
Evaluation using a visual analogic scale confirmed high patient satisfaction with a mean value of 92.6% in the assessment of shape, volume, and symmetry. Correct diagnosis, careful preoperative evaluation, and a comprehensive surgical strategy can achieve, in one surgical procedure, good and long-lasting outcomes in terms of breast shape and volume symmetry.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AD Mandrekas GJ Zambacos A Anastasopoulos D Hapsas N Lambrinaki L Ioannidou-Mouzaka (2003) ArticleTitleAesthetic reconstruction of the tuberous breast deformity Plast Reconstr Surg 112 1099–1108 Occurrence Handle12973230
BS Atiyeh HA Hashim Y El-Douaihy DI Kayle (1998) ArticleTitlePerinipple round-block technique for correction of tuberous/tubular breast deformity Aesth Plast Surg 22 284–288 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002669900204 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1czltlejsg%3D%3D
CB Bass (1978) ArticleTitleHerniated areolar complex Ann Plast Surg 1 402–406 Occurrence Handle727676 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE1M%2FotFWjtA%3D%3D
H Becker (1987) ArticleTitleThe expandable mammary implant Plast Reconstr Surg 79 631 Occurrence Handle3823256 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaL2s7kslKmtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00006534-198705000-00013
L Benelli (1990) ArticleTitleA new periareolar mammoplasty: The “round block” technique Aesth Plast Surg 14 93–100 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01578332 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3c3ktVWgtA%3D%3D
P Berrino F Casabona P Santi (1998) ArticleTitleLong-term avantages of permanent expandable implants in breast aesthetic surgery Plast Reconstr Surg 101 1964–1972 Occurrence Handle9623844 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c3osFejsA%3D%3D
RR Brink (1990) ArticleTitleEvaluating parenchymal maldistribution with regard to mastopexy and augmentation mammaplasty Plast Reconstr Surg 86 715–719 Occurrence Handle2217587 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FhvVSmug%3D%3D
JL Grolleau E Lanfrey B Lavigne J-Pn Chavoin M Costagliola (1999) ArticleTitleBreast base anomalies: Treatment strategy for tuberous breast, minor deformities, and asymmetry Plast Reconstr Surg 104 2040–2048 Occurrence Handle11149766 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FptlWhtw%3D%3D
JG Meara A Kolker G Bartlett R Theile K Multimer AD Holmes (2000) ArticleTitleTuberous breast deformity: Principles and practice Ann Plast Surg 45 607–611 Occurrence Handle11128758 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fps1Cksw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1097/00000637-200045060-00006
E Muti (1996) ArticleTitlePersonal approach to surgical correction of the extremely hypoplastic tuberous breast Aesth Plast Surg 20 385–390 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002669900052 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fgt1Cjuw%3D%3D
I Pitanguy (1967) ArticleTitleSurgical correction of breast hypertrophy Br J Plast Surg 20 78–85 Occurrence Handle5339723 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0007-1226(67)80009-2 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaF2s7otl2rtA%3D%3D
P Persichetti GF Marangi P Simone B Cagli F Di Leila M Berloco RM Casadei (2003) ArticleTitleAn easy way to install the remote port of permanent expandable breast implants in the axillary region during breast reconstruction or augmentation Plast Reconstr Surg 112 1492 Occurrence Handle14504548
CL Puckett MJ Concannon (1990) ArticleTitleAugmenting the narrow-based breast: The unfurling technique to prevent the double-bubble deformity Aesth Plast Surg 14 15–19 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01578320 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK3c3jtlWhsw%3D%3D
TD Rees SJ Aston (1976) ArticleTitleThe tuberous breast Clin Plast Surg 3 339–347 Occurrence Handle1261187 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE287msVahsA%3D%3D
L Ribeiro (1975) ArticleTitleA new technique for reduction mammoplasty Plast Reconstr Surg Mar 55 330–334 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaE2M7itVOntw%3D%3D
L Ribeiro A Accorsi SuffixJr A Buss MC Pessja (2002) ArticleTitleShort scar correction of the tuberous breast Clin Plast Surg 29 423–431 Occurrence Handle12365642 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0094-1298(02)00007-X
D Heimburg ParticleVon (2000) ArticleTitleRefined version of the tuberous breast classification Plast Reconstr Surg 105 2269–2270
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Persichetti, P., Cagli, B., Tenna, S. et al. Decision Making in the Treatment of Tuberous and Tubular Breasts: Volume Adjustment as a Crucial Stage in the Surgical Strategy. Aesth Plast Surg 29, 482–488 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-004-0077-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-004-0077-6