Abstract
Among the most important sources of β-glucans are edible and medicinal mushrooms. These molecules are components of the cellular wall of basidiomycete fungi (mushrooms) and can be extracted even from the basidiocarp as the mycelium and its cultivation extracts or biomasses. Mushroom β-glucans are recognized by their potential effects as immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. They are highlighted as anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant in diabetes mellitus, mycotherapy for cancer treatment, as well as adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines. Due to their relevance, several techniques of β-glucans extraction, purification, and analysis have already been described. Despite the previous knowledge of β-glucans’ benefits for human nutrition and health, the main information about this topic refers to the molecular identification, properties, and benefits, as well as their synthesis and action on cells. Studies on biotechnology industry applications (product development) and the registered products of β-glucans from mushrooms are still limited and more common for feed and healthcare. In this context, this paper reviews the biotechnological production of food products containing β-glucans from basidiomycete fungi, focusing on food enrichment, and presents a new perspective on fungi β-glucans’ use as potential immunotherapy agents.
Key points
• Mushrooms’ β-glucans for product development in the biotechnology industry
• Biotechnological production of food products containing mushrooms’ β-glucans
• Basidiomycete fungi β-glucans are used as potential immunotherapy agents
Graphical Abstract
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Source: Adapted from Mirończuk-Chodakowska et al. (2021)
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the Graduate Program of Environmental Science of the Regional University of Blumenau, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the Forestry unit of Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil.
Funding
This work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, CAPES, Brazil (Finance Code 001; DS 88887.490173/2020–00) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Research Center of Forestry (MCTI/CNPq Nº 20/2017), the author L.B.B. Tavares is a fellowship holder of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq, Brazil (Grant 305880/2020–9—CNPq N° 02/2020).
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TGT performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. TMC analyzed data and wrote the paper. MDA analyzed data. CVH and LBBT conceived and designed the study. All authors revised, read, and approved the manuscript.
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Timm, T.G., Costa, T.M., Alberton, M.D. et al. Mushroom β-glucans: application and innovation for food industry and immunotherapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107, 5035–5049 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12656-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12656-4