Abstract
The biosynthesis and secretion of Monascus pigments are closely related to the integrity of the cell membrane, which determines the composition of lipids and its content in cell membrane. The present study aimed to thoroughly describe the changes of lipid profiling in Monascus purpureus BWY-5, which was screened by carbon ion beam irradiation (12C6+) to almost single yield extracellular Monascus yellow pigments (extra-MYPs), by absolute quantitative lipidomics and tandem mass tags (TMT) based quantitative proteomic. 12C6+ irradiation caused non-lipid oxidation damage to Monascus cell membrane, leading to an imbalance in cell membrane lipid homeostasis. This imbalance was attributed to significant changes not only in the composition but also in the content of lipids in Monascus, especially the inhibition of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Integrity of plasma membrane was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (MGMG) and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG), while mitochondrial membrane homeostasis was maintained by the increase of cardiolipin production. The growth and extra-MYPs production of Monascus BWY-5 have been regulated by the promotion of sphingolipids (ceramide and sulfatide) biosynthesis. Simultaneous, energy homeostasis may be achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity. These finding suggest ergosterol, cardiolipin, sphingolipids, MGMG and SQMG play a key facilitating role in cytomembrane lipid homeostasis maintaining for Monascus purpureus BWY-5, and then it is closely related to cell growth and extra-MYPs production.
Key points
1. Energy homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activity.
2. Integrity of plasma membrane in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol.
3. Mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintaed by the increase of cardiolipin synthesis.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the company, Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., China., for absolute quantitative lipidomics and TMT based quantitative proteomic technique support; we also thank Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for Heavy-Ion Research Facility support.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31301550; No. 32101578), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2022JJ31011; No. 2021JJ31146), and Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents of Hunan Province (2019TP1029).
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MYN, TL, XHQ and JJY carried out all the experimental work and analyzed the data. JL and JLR designed experimental work, reviewed and edited manuscript. BZ drafted and revised the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Nie, M., Liu, T., Qiu, X. et al. Regulation mechanism of lipids for extracellular yellow pigments production by Monascus purpureus BWY-5. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 107, 5191–5208 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12654-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12654-6