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Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs

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Abstract

Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is a novel functional protein family with specific immunomodulatory activity identified from several macro-fungi. A variety of biological activities of FIPs have been reported, such as anti-allergy, anti-tumor, mitogenic activity, and immunomodulation. Among all known FIPs, the firstly discovered FIP was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and most FIP members were from Ganoderma genus. Compared with other FIPs, Ganoderma FIPs possess some advantageous bioactivities, like stronger anti-tumor activity. Therein, gene sequences, protein structural features, biofunctions, and recombinant expression of Ganoderma FIPs were summarized and addressed, focusing on elucidating their anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanisms. Combined with current advances, development potential and application of Ganoderma FIPs were also prospected.

Key points

• More than a dozen of reported FIPs are identified from Ganoderma species.

• Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins have superior anti-tumor activity with promising prospects and application.

• Current review comprehensively addresses characterization, biofunctions, and anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma FIPs.

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Funding

This work was supported mainly by a grant from the Science Research Program of Liaoning Province Education Department (Grant No. LSNQN202013), and another grant from Xingliaoyingcai Program of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. XLYC190281).

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Author notes

  1. Jingwei Lin, Huan Chen and Yudong Bai contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China

    Jingwei Lin, Huan Chen, Yudong Bai, Shoukun Li, Gengyuan Liang, Tianning Fan, Ningyuan Gao, Xiupeng Wu & Hui Li

  2. Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China

    Jingwei Lin, Huan Chen, Yudong Bai, Shoukun Li, Gengyuan Liang, Tianning Fan, Ningyuan Gao, Xiupeng Wu & Hui Li

  3. Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China

    Jingwei Lin, Gang Chen, Yingxu Gao & Jungang Fan

Authors
  1. Jingwei Lin
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  2. Huan Chen
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  3. Yudong Bai
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  9. Hui Li
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  10. Gang Chen
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  11. Yingxu Gao
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  12. Jungang Fan
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Contributions

JL and YG designed the article. JL, HC, and YB wrote this manuscript. SL, GL, and TF surveyed the literature. NG and XW completed the figures and table. HL and GC supervised the manuscript. All authors have read and proved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yingxu Gao or Jungang Fan.

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Lin, J., Chen, H., Bai, Y. et al. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106, 2367–2380 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9

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