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Microorganisms of Lake Baikal—the deepest and most ancient lake on Earth

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Abstract

Lake Baikal (Russia) is the largest (by volume) and deepest lake on Earth. The lake remains relatively pristine due to the low population density around its basin. Being very distant from any marine water body but having a remarkable number of similarities to oceans (depth, oxygen content, oligotrophy) provides a unique model of pelagic microbiota that is submitted to marine-like conditions minus the salt content of the water. It is also a model of lakes located at high latitudes and submitted to yearly ice cover (from January to April). The analysis by different approaches has indeed provided a view of the microbiota of this lake. It contains novel microbes that are closely related to marine groups not known to be present in freshwater like Chloroflexi or Pelagibacter. The deep water mass contains large communities of chemolithotrophs that use ammonia generated in the photic zone or methane from the sediments.

Key Points

• The chemical composition and limnic features of the deepest lake on Earth determine the vital activity of microorganisms.

• The diversity, ecology, and role of individual taxa of microorganisms were studied using cultivation and molecular methods.

• Data of large metagenomic datasets in the epipelagic and bathypelagic layers of the water column in southern Baikal were discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank A. Khabuev for the help in the preparation of the map of Lake Baikal and V. Ivanov for his help in the preparation of the figures of temperature and mineralization distribution in Lake Baikal.

Funding

This work was supported by grants “VIREVO” CGL2016-76273-P [MCI/AEI/FEDER, EU] (cofounded with FEDER funds) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and “HIDRAS3” PROMETEO/2019/009 from Generalitat Valenciana. FRV was also a beneficiary of the 5top100-program of the Ministry for Science and Education of Russia. PJC-Y was supported by APOSTD/2019/009 Post-Doctoral Fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana. The State Assignment 0345-2019-0007 supported the work (no. AAAA-A16-116122110064-7) of the Limnological Institute and grant ofi-m no. 17-29-05040.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia

    Tamara I. Zemskaya & Olga N. Pavlova

  2. Evolutionary Genomics Group, Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

    Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves & Francisco Rodriguez-Valera

  3. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia

    Francisco Rodriguez-Valera

Authors
  1. Tamara I. Zemskaya
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  2. Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves
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  3. Olga N. Pavlova
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  4. Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
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FR-V and TIZ were the authors of the manuscript idea; TIZ, FRV, PJC-J, and ONP wrote the manuscript and contributed to the search for literature. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tamara I. Zemskaya.

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Zemskaya, T.I., Cabello-Yeves, P.J., Pavlova, O.N. et al. Microorganisms of Lake Baikal—the deepest and most ancient lake on Earth. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 6079–6090 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10660-6

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