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Enhanced production and identification of antioxidants in in vitro cultures of the cacti Mammillaria candida and Turbinicarpus laui

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Abstract

Cacti are an important source of metabolites but present limitations for their commercial exploitation, like slow growth and a decrease of wild populations. An alternative to obtain their biocompounds without affecting the natural environment are the in vitro culture techniques. We established in vitro cultures from Mammillaria candida Scheidweiler and Turbinicarpus laui Glass and Foster and used different stresses to increase metabolites and antioxidant activity. The cultures were exposed to 1.25% polyethylene glycol to induce a moderate drought stress, 50 g L−1 sucrose to generate an osmotic stress, chitosan (1.25 to 5 mg mL−1) to simulate a biotic attack, or to UV light. Chitosan was the best elicitor improving 1.5 times the concentration of phenolics, 9 to 10 times the content of flavonoids and betalains, and 16% the antioxidant activity in M. candida suspensions. In T. laui suspensions, this elicitor duplicates the flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant levels in elicited suspensions increased 5 to 10 times in relation to plant tubercles. Eleven compounds were identified in M. candida suspensions being digalloyl rhamnoside and epicatequin gallate the most abundant; in the T. laui suspensions, 16 compounds were detected and the most abundant were 17-decarboxi neobetanin and derivatives of luteolin. Thus, cacti in vitro culture is an efficient system to obtain high level of metabolites of biological interest.

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Funding

We are grateful to CONACYT for the scholarship to ARM (no. 401860).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, San Luis Potosí México, Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, Mexico

    Antonio Reyes-Martínez & María del Socorro Santos-Díaz

  2. Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64869, Monterrey, N.L, Mexico

    Marilena Antunes-Ricardo

  3. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Department of Bioengineering and Science, Campus Puebla, Av. Atlixcáyotl 2301, Puebla, 72453, Puebla, Mexico

    Janet Gutiérrez-Uribe

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  1. Antonio Reyes-Martínez
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  2. Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
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  3. Janet Gutiérrez-Uribe
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  4. María del Socorro Santos-Díaz
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Correspondence to María del Socorro Santos-Díaz.

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Reyes-Martínez, A., Antunes-Ricardo, M., Gutiérrez-Uribe, J. et al. Enhanced production and identification of antioxidants in in vitro cultures of the cacti Mammillaria candida and Turbinicarpus laui. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 103, 2583–2595 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-09656-8

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