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Physiological and molecular analysis of carbon source supplementation and pH stress-induced lipid accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

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Abstract

A detailed physiological and molecular analysis of lipid accumulation under a suite of conditions including nitrogen limitation, alkaline pH stress, bicarbonate supplementation, and organic acid supplementation was performed on the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. For all tested conditions, nitrogen limitation was a prerequisite for lipid accumulation and the other culturing strategies only enhanced accumulation highlighting the importance of compounded stresses on lipid metabolism. Volumetric lipid levels varied depending on condition; the observed rankings from highest to lowest were for inorganic carbon addition (15 mM bicarbonate), organic acid addition (15 carbon mM acetate), and alkaline pH stress (pH 9.0). For all lipid-accumulating cultures except acetate supplementation, a common series of physiological steps were observed. Upon extracellular nitrogen exhaustion, culture growth continued for approximately 1.5 cell doublings with decreases in specific protein and photosynthetic pigment content. As nitrogen limitation arrested cell growth, carbohydrate content decreased with a corresponding increase in lipid content. Addition of the organic carbon source acetate appeared to activate alternative metabolic pathways for lipid accumulation. Molecular level data on more than 50 central metabolism transcripts were measured using real-time PCR. Analysis of transcripts suggested the central metabolism pathways associated with bicarbonate transport, carbonic anhydrases, and C4 carbon fixations were important for lipid accumulation. Transcriptomic data also suggested that repurposing of phospholipids may play a role in lipid accumulation. This study provides a detailed physiological and molecular-level foundation for improved understanding of diatom nutrient cycling and contributes to a metabolic blueprint for controlling lipid accumulation in diatoms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors of this work acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR grant FA9550-09-1-0243) and US Department of Energy grant DE EE0003136. Dr. Olusegun Oshota and Dr. Robert Gardner are gratefully acknowledged for technical assistance. The authors would like also to thank Luis Ramos, Ann Willis, MSU Center for Biofilm Engineering and MSU Functional Genomics Core Facility for technical and instrumental support.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Florence Mus, Keith E. Cooksey & Matthew W. Fields

  2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Florence Mus, Jean-Paul Toussaint, Robin Gerlach, Brent M. Peyton & Ross P. Carlson

  3. Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Florence Mus, Jean-Paul Toussaint, Matthew W. Fields, Robin Gerlach, Brent M. Peyton & Ross P. Carlson

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Florence Mus

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Mus, F., Toussaint, JP., Cooksey, K.E. et al. Physiological and molecular analysis of carbon source supplementation and pH stress-induced lipid accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97, 3625–3642 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4747-7

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