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Impacts of Arsenic and Antimony Co-Contamination on Sedimentary Microbial Communities in Rivers with Different Pollution Gradients

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are both toxic metalloids that are of primary concern for human health. Mining activity has introduced elevated levels of arsenic and antimony into the rivers and has increased the risks of drinking water contamination in China. Due to their mobility, the majority of the metalloids originating from mining activities are deposited in the river sediments. Thus, depending on various geochemical conditions, sediment could either be a sink or source for As and Sb in the water column. Microbes are key mediators for biogeochemical transformation and can both mobilize or precipitate As and Sb. To further understand the microbial community responses to As and Sb contamination, sediment samples with different contamination levels were collected from three rivers. The result of the study suggested that the major portions of As and Sb were in strong association with the sediment matrix and considered nonbioavailable. These fractions, however, were also suggested to have profound influences on the microbial community composition. As and Sb contamination caused strong reductions in microbial diversity in the heavily contaminated river sediments. Microorganisms were more sensitive to As comparing to Sb, as revealed by the co-occurrence network and random forest predictions. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were potentially involved in As and Sb metabolism, such as Anaerolinea, Sphingomonas, and Opitutus, were enriched in the heavily contaminated samples. In contrast, many keystone taxa, including members of the Hyphomicrobiaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae families, were inhibited by metalloid contamination, which could further impair crucial environmental services provided by these members.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Hanna Han and her team from Shenzhen Ecogene Co., Ltd. for their technical service.

Funding

This research was funded by GDAS’ Project of Science and Technology development (2017GDASCX-0106, 2019GDASYL-0103047, 2019GDASYL-0302006, and 2018GDASCX-0601), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771301, 41420104007), the High-level Leading Talent Introduction Program of GDAS (2016GDASRC-0103), and the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01Z176).

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  1. Xiaoxu Sun and Baoqin Li contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Xiaoxu Sun, Baoqin Li, Feng Han & Weimin Sun

  2. Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Enzong Xiao & Tangfu Xiao

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  1. Xiaoxu Sun
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Correspondence to Weimin Sun.

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Sun, X., Li, B., Han, F. et al. Impacts of Arsenic and Antimony Co-Contamination on Sedimentary Microbial Communities in Rivers with Different Pollution Gradients. Microb Ecol 78, 589–602 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01327-5

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