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Supratidal Extremophiles—Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Rock Pools of the Croatian Adria

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Hardly any molecular studies have been done on euendoliths of marine coastal environments, especially along the supratidal ranges of carbonate coasts. In our study, we provide a comparative sequence analysis using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene combined with extensive microscopy of the endolithic community from rock pools of the Croatian Adria. Molecular diversity indices and richness estimates showed high level of diversity, particularly in high-salinity samples. The most common cyanobacteria belong to the order Pleurocapsales, similar to observations on limestone coasts in other parts of the world. Using single-cell amplification sequences of Hormathonema spp., Hyella caespitosa, and Kyrtuthrix dalmatica was for the first time introduced to the public GenBank.

Microscopic investigations did not show qualitative variances in diversity among sites with different salinity but clear differences in prevalent organisms from similar environments suggesting that most of them are adapted to inhabit extreme, marine endolithic habitats and that similar species inhabit geographically separated but ecologically similar environments. This is a remarkable concordance rather seldom seen in molecular community studies in support of the hypothesis that endolithic ecosystems are seeded from a global meta-community.

The relative diversity of the community is greater than those described from harsh endolithic habitats of cold and hot deserts. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree consisting of 166 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 96 % sequence similarity revealed 11 distinct clusters. Three clusters contained only epilithic or endolithic taxa, and five clusters contained mixed epilithic and endolithic taxa. Organisms clustered according to their taxonomic affiliations and not to their preferences to salt concentrations.

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Acknowledgments

Research was supported by the DFG project PA 842/9-1. International and interdisciplinary collaboration was supported and enhanced by the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, Delmenhorst, Germany, and by Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation, Bad Godesberg, Germany. Special thanks are dedicated to the Dive Center Bozava.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBU, Plants Biodiversity and Evolution, CvO University of Oldenburg, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Maria Brandes, Dirk C. Albach, Janina C. Vogt, Eike Mayland-Quellhorst & Katarzyna A. Palinska

  2. IBU, Functional Ecology of Plants, University of Oldenburg, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Glenda Mendieta-Leiva

  3. Biological Science Center, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Stjepko Golubic

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  1. Maria Brandes
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Correspondence to Katarzyna A. Palinska.

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Brandes, M., Albach, D.C., Vogt, J.C. et al. Supratidal Extremophiles—Cyanobacterial Diversity in the Rock Pools of the Croatian Adria. Microb Ecol 70, 876–888 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-015-0637-0

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