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Maternal Diabetes and Cardiovascular Health in the Offspring

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Abstract

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been explored to predict cardiovascular health in adults. Less is known about neonatal PWV. We evaluated the association between arterial stiffness of neonates of mothers (NoM) with diabetes and childhood health. Neonatal brachial-femoral PWV (bfPWV) was measured after birth and neonates followed for a median of 5.2 years [1 month–6.6 years]. 36 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus PGDM (n = 12), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (n = 13), and controls (n = 11) were enrolled. Neonates were similar in weight, gestational age, and delivery mode. 26 neonates had follow-up data including weight, height and blood pressure. More mothers with PGDM had poor glycemic control compared to mothers with GDM (83% vs. 8%; p = 0.0002). PWV was higher in NoM with PGDM than controls (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.8 m/s; p = 0.04). At follow-up, children of mothers with diabetes (n = 16) had higher weight percentile (78.5 ± 27.9 vs 49.5 ± 34.6%; p = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (68 ± 13.6 vs 57.3 ± 4.3 mmHg; p = 0.01) than controls (n = 10). No correlation emerged between neonatal PWV and childhood body mass index (BMI) or maternal HbA1c. Results suggest maternal diabetes affect neonatal arterial stiffness and childhood blood pressure; however, the mechanism is unclear. The long-term implications of these findings warrant further investigation.

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Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy restrictions.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the patients who made this study possible.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Riasoya Jodah

  2. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Children’s Health (Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital), Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Alisa Arunamata, Alaina K. Kipps, Sharon Chen, Katie Jo Stauffer & Elif Seda Selamet Tierney

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Contributions

E.S. and S.C. conceived and designed the study. R.J., K.S., E.T., S.C. and A.A. acquired and entered study data. R.J. primarily wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all figures and tables. All authors participated in data interpretation, literature review and manuscript revision, and provided final approval.

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Correspondence to Elif Seda Selamet Tierney.

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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Stanford University #58353.

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Jodah, R., Arunamata, A., Kipps, A.K. et al. Maternal Diabetes and Cardiovascular Health in the Offspring. Pediatr Cardiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-023-03333-4

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