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Study on droplet freezing characteristic by ultrasonic

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Abstract

The application of ultrasound to liquid freezing has focused growing attention over the last few years and its potential seems very promising. In order to make clear droplet freezing assisted by ultrasonic, the freezing nucleation free energy of droplet was analyzed in effect of ultrasonic and un-ultrasonic. Droplet freezing was studied based on ultrasonic theory, penetration theory of mass transfer and energy conservation. Besides, solid–liquid interface position of droplet in the process of freezing for different droplet radius was studied to reflect the freezing process. The results showed that ultrasonic could be favor to droplet freezing, which could deduce freezing nucleation free energy of droplet. Larger ultrasonic frequency would deduce smaller freezing nucleation free energy, and larger ultrasonic intensity would cause droplet to be cool and freeze easily.

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Abbreviations

P A :

Ultrasonic amplitude (Pa)

t :

Time (s)

f :

Ultrasonic frequency (Hz)

ρ :

Medium density (kg/m3)

P :

Ultrasonic power (W)

R :

Radius (m)

σ :

Surface tension (N/m)

N :

Bubbles numbers

ϕ :

Surface renewal ratio

λ :

Thermal conductivity [W/(m K)]

a :

Acoustic absorption coefficient

ΔG v :

Volume free energy (J)

h f :

Solidification heat (J/kg)

L f :

Solidification latent heat (J/kg)

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

ω :

Acoustic angular frequency (rad/s)

p a :

Pressure on medium (Pa)

I :

Ultrasonic intensity (W/m2)

C :

Sound velocity (m/s)

S′:

Interface area in the effect of ultrasonic (m2)

γ :

Kinetic viscosity (N s/m2)

P h :

Static pressure of liquid (Pa)

D :

Mass diffusion coefficient (m2/s)

S L :

Total surface of droplet (m2)

T :

Temperature (K)

c p :

Specific heat at constant pressure [J/(kg K)]

ΔG s :

Surface free energy (J)

V f :

Volume of droplet (m3)

L e :

Is evaporation latent heat (J/kg)

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2015XKQY16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Penghui Gao, Donghai Zhang & Guoqing Zhou

  2. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Penghui Gao, Bo Cheng, Xingye Zhou, Donghai Zhang & Guoqing Zhou

Authors
  1. Penghui Gao
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  2. Bo Cheng
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  3. Xingye Zhou
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  4. Donghai Zhang
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  5. Guoqing Zhou
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Correspondence to Penghui Gao.

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Gao, P., Cheng, B., Zhou, X. et al. Study on droplet freezing characteristic by ultrasonic. Heat Mass Transfer 53, 1725–1734 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1934-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1934-y

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