Abstract
Sea urchins of the genus Tripneustes are among the most abundant and ecologically important pan-tropical marine invertebrates. Recognized as potent ecosystem engineers due to their intense grazing of macroalgae and sea grass and highly valued for their gonads, wild populations of Tripneustes are commercially exploited for fisheries and aquaculture. Recently, a new species, Tripneustes kermadecensis (Bronstein et al. 2017), was described from the southern Pacific Ocean, off the Kermadec Islands, near the tropical/sub-tropical transition zone. Here, we explore the range of Tripneustes and, in particular, T. kermadecensis by morphological and genetic tools to determine whether it also occurs in Australia. We report, for the first time, the presence of a second Tripneustes species, T. kermadecensis, from Australia. We show that T. kermadecensis is in fact highly abundant throughout most of sub-tropical eastern Australia, where it occurs in association with coral and temperate reefs and has been recognized for decades as the ‘lamington sea urchin’. As commercial exploitation and stock-release programs of Tripneustes are rapidly expanding, and as global warming causes tropicalization of eastern Australia, driving the southern expansion of its congener T. gratilla, we call for re-evaluation of the conservation vulnerability of T. kermadecensis along the Australian continent and action by the aquaculture industry to genetically confirm the species identity of stocks in their facilities.
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Acknowledgements
Institutional support was provided by the Central Research Laboratories and the Department of Geology and Palaeontology at the Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria. We gratefully acknowledge Gustav Paulay (Florida Museum of Natural History), Francisco Solis-Marin (National Autonomous University of Mexico), and Baraka Kuguru (Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute) for assistance in obtaining the samples. Meirav Chen is acknowledged for graphical assistance. M. A. Sewell and an undisclosed reviewer are greatfully acknowledged for critically reading the manuscript and suggesting valuable comments. This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number P 29508-B25.
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Funding was provided by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number P 29508-B25.
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Bronstein, O., Kroh, A., Miskelly, A.D. et al. Implications of range overlap in the commercially important pan-tropical sea urchin genus Tripneustes (Echinoidea: Toxopneustidae). Mar Biol 166, 34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3478-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3478-4