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Regional genetic structure and genetic founder effects in the invasive lionfish: comparing the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and North Atlantic

  • Invasive Species - Original paper
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Abstract

Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) recently invaded Western Atlantic waters, rapidly spreading through the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Previous genetic analyses using the mitochondrial d-loop determined that populations in the Western North Atlantic (NA) region have up to nine haplotypes, whereas Caribbean populations contain four of the North Atlantic haplotypes. The genetic composition of GoM populations, reported here for the first time, could lend insight into the pathway of dispersal into the GoM and better understanding of the biogeography of this recent invader. Here, we determined the genetic composition of lionfish throughout the GoM and compared haplotype composition to Caribbean and North Atlantic regions. We found that GoM samples contained only three d-loop haplotypes that are common in the Caribbean and North Atlantic. The genetic structure differed significantly among the three regions (AMOVA:Φ CT = 0.062; p = 0.001), but we found no differences between locations within regions (AMOVA:Φ SC = 0.005; p = 0.092). The composition of GoM samples most closely matches the composition of Caribbean samples indicating that Caribbean populations are the likely source of the GoM populations. As each region was successively invaded, a drop in haplotype diversity and changes in haplotype frequencies occurred indicating dispersal limitation across basin boundaries and founder effects within each basin. The lack of differentiation within regions indicates rapid population growth and unfettered dispersal within basins after initial colonization. We find no evidence of secondary invasions within samples. With well-established populations, the probability of detecting a secondary invasion is minuscule.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the FGBNMS staff for help with collections and samples from the FGBNMS, and G. Palmer, A. Downey-Wall and J. Selwyn for collections and samples from Panama.

Funding

This study was funded by start up funds provided to JDH by Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi.

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Correspondence to John Johnson.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. (IACUC protocol #05-14).

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Responsible Editor: T. Reusch.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Invasive Species.

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Johnson, J., Bird, C.E., Johnston, M.A. et al. Regional genetic structure and genetic founder effects in the invasive lionfish: comparing the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and North Atlantic. Mar Biol 163, 216 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2981-0

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