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Murexide-derived in vitro electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of neurochemicals

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Abstract

This work highlights the protocol employed for the simultaneous electroanalysis of tryptamine, serotonin and dopamine using a conducting poly-murexide-based electrode. To date, this is the first-of-its-kind report of simultaneous electrochemical determination of these three targets. Features of the developed electrode were identified by employing FE-SEM analysis. Under optimized conditions, the analytes underwent an irreversible electro-oxidation at the modified electrode surface, with a linear range of 0.5–40 μΜ, 0.4–40.4 μΜ and 0.5–40 μΜ for dopamine, serotonin and tryptamine, respectively. The electrolytic medium employed for the sensing was a phosphate-buffered solution with pH 7. The specificity of the developed electrode was also satisfactory in the presence of other biomolecules including L-phenylalanine, L-serine, glucose and ascorbic acid. Thus, the developed murexide-derived conducting-polymer-based electrode was used for the simultaneous sensing of the neurochemicals dopamine, serotonin and tryptamine. Electroanalysis was also demonstrated for these targets in human serum.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham for the internal support provided to carry out the research work. The authors also thank Kerala University and Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, for their characterization help. The authors extend their gratitude to Dr. Shanti Nair (Dean, Amrita Centre for Nanosciences) for his timely support. and also extend thanks to Mr. Basith and Ms. Namitha for their timely support. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Ram Manohar P. and Mr. Nandakumar, Amrita Center for Advanced Research in Ayurveda, for their characterization help.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India

    Rajasree G. Krishnan & Beena Saraswathyamma

  2. Department of Chemistry, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, India

    Rajasree G. Krishnan & Beena Saraswathyamma

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  1. Rajasree G. Krishnan
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Contributions

Rajasree G. Krishnan: proposed the topic, conducted experiments, curated data and wrote the original draft. Beena Sarawsathyamma: supervised the experiments, analyzed the data and edited the whole manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beena Saraswathyamma.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the ethics committee and all procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Institutional Ethics Committee, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, AIMS, Kochi, India).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study. The human serum used in this study was obtained from healthy volunteers who gave informed consent.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Published in the topical collection Electrochemistry for Neurochemical Analysis with guest editors Ashley E. Ross and Alexander G. Zestos.

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Krishnan, R.G., Saraswathyamma, B. Murexide-derived in vitro electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of neurochemicals. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 6803–6812 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03282-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03282-y

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