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Polydopamine-based quantitation of albuminuria for the assessment of kidney damage

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Abstract

Proteinuria is considered indicative of kidney damage that can be related to various adverse outcomes. Nowadays, there is a huge demand for routine urine screening methods to assess health risks in clinical setting without expensive procedures and long pretreatment of the sample. To address this issue, a polydopamine-based colorimetric assay to determine urinary albumin concentration in real samples is proposed here. The core of this approach relies on the established competitive adsorption of polydopamine film and human serum albumin onto the polystyrene surface of ELISA plates. Herein, we investigated the influence of temperature and the Tris-HCl buffer concentration on the polydopamine film growth. The absorbance of polydopamine film, after 24 h at 25 °C, decreases with the increase of HSA concentration, allowing the selective detection of HSA down to 0.036 ± 0.001 g L−1 in untreated urine. This simple and low-cost bioanalytical assay exhibited very good reproducibility, %CVmean = 2 in human urine, and was superior in terms of analytical performances to some standard methods available on the market, especially in comparison to the Bradford assay, for early screening and assessment of kidney damage.

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Funding

The authors thank the Italian Ministry of Health for the project “Development of optical biosensors for the detection of peptide hormones through molecularly imprinted polymers” within the 2018 call “Research and training/information program on drugs, medical substances and practices that can be used for doping purposes and for health protection in sporting activities”; EC Horizon 2020, ERA-NET - PhotonicSensing Transnational Call 2016, for the project PLABAN “advanced PLAsmonic Biosensors ANalysis of nucleic acids”; and Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), for the project “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022”.

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  1. Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Francesca Torrini, Simona Scarano, Pasquale Palladino & Maria Minunni

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  1. Francesca Torrini
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  2. Simona Scarano
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  3. Pasquale Palladino
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  4. Maria Minunni
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Correspondence to Pasquale Palladino.

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Informed consent was given by all study participants. The study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards and in accordance with the protocols approved by the Ethics Committee “Comitato Etico Regionale per la Sperimentazione Clinica della Regione Toscana - Sezione: AREA VASTA CENTRO.”

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Torrini, F., Scarano, S., Palladino, P. et al. Polydopamine-based quantitation of albuminuria for the assessment of kidney damage. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 2217–2224 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03192-z

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