Abstract
The advantages of using smart materials as immunosorbents in the analysis of complex matrices by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have been highlighted in this study. A novel analytical method has been proposed for the sensitive, selective, and fast determination of residues of the plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron in fruit juices. Three different monoclonal antibodies (s3#22, p2#21, and p6#41) were employed for the production of immunosorbents, based on Sepharose gel beads, which were characterized in terms of loading capacity, solvent resistance, and repeatability for its use in solid-phase extraction (SPE). Immunosorbents that were prepared with antibody p6#44 provided the best performance, with a loading capacity of 0.97 μg, a 10% (v/v) 2-propanol tolerance, and a reusability of at least eight uses. The SPE procedure involved the use of a column with 0.15 g Sepharose beads, containing 0.5 mg antibody, which was loaded to 20 mL of the sample, washed with 2 mL of water plus 2 mL of 10% (v/v) 2-propanol, and eluted with 2 mL of 2-propanol. The cleaned extract was directly analyzed by IMS, giving a limit of detection of 2 μg L−1 with a relative standard deviation of 7.6%. Trueness was assessed by the analysis of blank grape and kiwifruit juice samples spiked with forchlorfenuron concentrations from 10 to 400 μg L−1, with recoveries from 80 to 115%. The analytical performance of the proposed immunosorbent was compared with conventional extraction and cleanup methods, such as QuEChERS and C18-based SPE, giving the cleanest extracts for accurate determinations of forchlorfenuron by IMS.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2012-39965-C02-01-02/ALI and CTQ-2014-52841-P) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO-II 2014-077).
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Orellana-Silla, A., Armenta, S., de la Guardia, M. et al. Development of immunosorbents for the analysis of forchlorfenuron in fruit juices by ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 5961–5967 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1213-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1213-5