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Analytical methods for selected emerging contaminants in human matrices—a review

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Abstract

Emerging contaminants are a broad category of chemicals, previously unknown or unrecognized as being of concern, but which, because of their potential health effects associated with human exposure, are under increasing scrutiny. To accurately measure their levels in biological matrices, specific and sensitive analytical methods have recently been developed. We have reviewed here the methods used for analysis of selected emerging organic contaminants, for example metabolites of organophosphate triesters, metabolites of new phthalates or phthalate substitutes, perchlorate, organic UV filters, and polycyclic siloxanes, in human matrices. Although the use of new techniques and approaches has been emphasized, we also acknowledge methods previously used for other contaminants and adapted for the emerging contaminants listed above. In all cases, chromatography and mass spectrometry were the techniques of choice, because of their selectivity and sensitivity for measurements at ng g−1 levels. Critical issues and challenges have been discussed, together with recommendations for further improvement in particular cases (e.g. metabolites of phthalates or their substitutes). In particular, the use of labeled internal standards, the availability of certified reference materials, and the need for interlaboratory comparison exercises are key aspects of further development of this field of research.

Humans are daily exposed to a cocktail of chemicals, including new compounds

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Acknowledgments

ACD and AC were financially supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Research Scientific Foundation—Flanders. NVDE was financially supported by a PhD fellowship from the Research Scientific Foundation—Flanders. GM thanks UA for a post-doctoral fellowship within a GOA project. ACI acknowledges funding of his PhD scholarship through the Marie Curie ITN INFLAME.

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  1. Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Alin C. Dirtu, Nele Van den Eede, Govindan Malarvannan, Alin C. Ionas & Adrian Covaci

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  1. Alin C. Dirtu
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  2. Nele Van den Eede
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  3. Govindan Malarvannan
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  4. Alin C. Ionas
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  5. Adrian Covaci
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Correspondence to Adrian Covaci.

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Published in the topical collection Emerging Contaminants in Biota with guest editors Yolanda Picó and Damià Barceló.

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Dirtu, A.C., Van den Eede, N., Malarvannan, G. et al. Analytical methods for selected emerging contaminants in human matrices—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 404, 2555–2581 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6053-0

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