Abstract
The identification and localization of organic components in the complex stratigraphy of paintings play a crucial role in studies of painting techniques and authentication, restoration, and conservation of artworks. Much scientific effort has been expended for the development of analytical approaches suitable for the investigation and characterization of organic substances, allowing high sensitivity, specificity, and spatial resolution. Proteins (e.g., ovalbumin, casein, and collagen from different animal sources) are one of the classes of organic substances most widely used as painting materials. The analytical techniques commonly used for their analysis (micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, chromatographic techniques, and proteomic approaches) have limits related to the lack of specificity or to the absence of information concerning the stratigraphic localization of the detected proteins. Immunological techniques are a promising alternative approach for the characterization of proteins in artworks. Thanks to the high specificity of antigen–antibody reactions, these techniques are widely used for the analysis of proteins in bioanalytical and clinical chemistry and recently they have been successfully applied in the field of science for conservation of cultural heritage. The present research aimed to develop an ultrasensitive chemiluminescent immunochemical procedure for the simultaneous localization of ovalbumin and bovine casein (two common proteins found in binding media or varnishes of artistic and archaeological samples) in resin-embedded painting micro cross-sections. The possibility of performing the simultaneous identification of different proteins in painting cross-sections is of particular relevance in the field of cultural heritage because samples are often small and available in a limited number; therefore, the maximum amount of information must be obtained from each of them.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liuveras A, Bonaduce I, Andreotti A, Colombini MP (2010) Anal Chem 82:376–386
Degano I, Ribechini E, Modugno F, Colombini MP (2009) Appl Spectrosc Rev 44:363–410
Baumer U, Dietemann P, Koller J (2009) Int J Mass Spectrom 284:131–141
Domenech-Carbo MT, Bitossi G, Osete-Cortina L, de la Cruz-Canizares J, Yusa-Marco DJ (2008) Anal Bioanal Chem 391:1371–1379
Blasko J, Kubinec R, Husova B, Prikryl P, Pacakova V, Stulik K, Hradilova J (2008) J Sep Sci 31:1067–1073
Prikryl P, Havlickova L, Pacakova V, Hradilova J, Stulik K, Hofta P (2006) J Sep Sci 29:2653–2663
Tsakalof AK, Bairachtari KA, Chryssoulakis ID (2006) J Sep Sci 29:1642–1646
Vicente JP, Adelantado JVG, Carbo MTD, Castro RM, Reig FB (2005) J Chromatogr A 1076:44–50
Marinach C, Papillon MC, Pepe C (2004) J Cult Herit 5:231–240
Colombini MP, Modugno F (2004) J Sep Sci 27:147–160
Colombini MP, Ceccarini A, Carmignani A (2002) J Chromatogr A 968:79–88
Fremout W, Dhaenens M, Saverwyns S, Sanyvova J, Vandenabeele P, Deforce D, Moens L (2010) Anal Chim Acta 658:156–162
Leo G, Cartechini L, Pucci P, Sgamellotti A, Marino G, Birolo L (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem 395:2269–2280
Chambery A, Di Maro A, Sanges C, Severino V, Tarantino M, Lamberti A, Parente A, Arcari P (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem 395:2281–2291
Tokarski C, Martin E, Rolando C, Cren-Olive C (2006) Anal Chem 78:1494–1502
Messerschmidt RG, Harthcock MA (1988) Infrared microspectroscopy. Theory and applications, Dekker, New York
Prati S, Joseph E, Sciutto G, Mazzeo R (2010) Acc Chem Res 43:782–791
Wild D (2005) The immunoassay handbook, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Chu P, Weiss L (2009) Modern immunohistochemistry. Cambridge University Press, New York
Kockaert L, Gausset P, Dubi-Rucquoy M (1989) Stud Conserv 34:183–188
Johnson M, Packard E (1971) Stud Conserv 16:145–164
Jones PL (1962) Stud Conserv 7:10–16
Heginbotham A, Millay V, Quick M (2006) J Am Inst Conserv 45:89–105
Ramirez Barat B, de la Vina S (2001) Stud Conserv 46:282–288
Vagnini M, Pitzurra L, Cartechini L, Miliani C, Brunetti BG, Sgamellotti A (2008) Anal Bioanal Chem 392:57–64
Cartechini L, Vagnini M, Palmieri M, Pitzurra L, Mello T, Mazurek J, Chiari G (2010) Acc Chem Res 43:867–876
Dolci LS, Sciutto G, Guardigli M, Rizzoli M, Prati S, Mazzeo R, Roda A (2008) Anal Bioanal Chem 392:29–35
Roda A, Pasini P, Musiani M, Girotti S, Baraldini M, Carrea G, Suozzi A (1996) Anal Chem 68:1073–1080
Guardigli M, Marangi M, Casanova S, Grigioni WF, Roda E, Roda A (2005) J Histochem Cytochem 53:1451–1457
Bonvicini F, Mirasoli M, Gallinella G, Zerbini M, Musiani M, Roda A (2007) Analyst 132:519–523
Mirasoli M, Guardigli M, Simoni P, Venturoli S, Ambretti S, Musiani M, Roda A (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem 394:981–987
Cennini C, Frezzato F (2004) Il libro dell’arte. Neri Pozza, Milan
Rej R, Bretaudiere J-P (1980) Clin Chem 26:423–428
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research (MIUR) through the PRIN 2008 project “Sviluppo di metodologie diagnostiche integrate per la caratterizzazione e la localizzazione stratigrafica della componente organica in manufatti policromi artistici ed archeologici” (prot. 2008ZRSHHB).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in the special issue Analytical Chemistry for Cultural Heritage with Guest Editors Rocco Mazzeo, Silvia Prati, and Aldo Roda.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sciutto, G., Dolci, L.S., Buragina, A. et al. Development of a multiplexed chemiluminescent immunochemical imaging technique for the simultaneous localization of different proteins in painting micro cross-sections. Anal Bioanal Chem 399, 2889–2897 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4258-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4258-7