New concept for a toxicity assay based on multiple indexes from the wave shape of damped metabolic oscillation induced in living yeast cells (part II): application to analytical toxicology

Abstract

An ideal toxicity assay should utilize multiple indexes obtained from transient changes of metabolic activities. Here, we demonstrate the possibility for a novel toxicity bioassay using the damped glycolytic oscillation phenomenon occurring in starved yeast cells. In a previous study, the phenomenon was characterized in detail. Under optimum conditions to induce the phenomenon, the wave shapes of the damped glycolytic oscillations were changed by the instantaneous addition of both glucose and chemicals and by changing the chemical concentration. We estimated the changes in the oscillation wave shapes as six indexes, i.e., the number of wave cycles, maximum amplitude, oscillation frequency, attenuation coefficient, initial peak height, and non-steady-state time. These index changes were obtained from several kinds of chemicals. The chemicals, especially those for acids (0.01–100 mM HCl and 0.01–50 mM citric acid), bases (0.001–50 mM KOH), heavy metal ions (1–1,000 mg L⁻¹; Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺), respiratory inhibitors (3–500 mg L⁻¹ NaN₃), dissolved oxygen removers (10–300 mg L⁻¹ NaSO₃), surfactants (10–200 mg L⁻¹ benzalkonium chloride), and aldehyde (10–1,000 mg L⁻¹ acetaldehyde), showed characteristic patterns depending on each chemical and its concentration. These significant results demonstrate the possibilities of new methods for both toxicity qualification and quantification.