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Environmental enrichment decreases chronic psychosocial stress-impaired extinction and reinstatement of ethanol conditioned place preference in C57BL/6 male mice

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Abstract

Rationale

During the last few decades, alcohol use disorders (AUD) have reached an epidemic prevalence, yet social influences on alcoholism have not been fully addressed. Several factors can modulate alcohol intake. On one hand, stress can reinforce ethanol-induced behaviors and be an important component in AUD and alcoholism. On the other hand, environmental enrichment (EE) has a neuroprotective role and prevents the development of excessive ethanol intake in rodents. However, studies showing the role of EE in chronic psychosocial stress-impaired ethanol-conditioned rewards are nonexistent.

Aim

The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential protective role of EE on extinction and reinstatement of ethanol-conditioned place preference (EtOH-CPP) following chronic psychosocial stress.

Methods

In the first experiment and after the EtOH-CPP test, the mice were subjected to 15 days of chronic stress, then housed in a standard (SE) or enriched environment (EE) while EtOH-CPP extinction was achieved by repeated exposure to the CPP chambers without ethanol injection. In the second experiment and after the EtOH-CPP test, extinction was achieved as described above. Mice were then exposed to chronic stress for 2 weeks before being housed in a SE or EE. EtOH-CPP reinstatement was induced by a single exposure to the conditioning chambers.

Results

As expected, stress exposure increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced weight gain. More importantly, we found that EE significantly shortened chronic stress-delayed extinction and decreased the reinstatement of EtOH-CPP.

Conclusion

These results support the hypothesis that EE reduces the impact of alcohol-associated environmental stimuli, and hence it may be a general intervention for reducing cue-elicited craving and relapse in humans.

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Abbreviations

CPP:

Conditioned place preference

CSC:

Chronic subordinate colony

EE:

Enriched environment

EPM:

Elevated plus maze

EtOH:

Ethanol

OF:

Open field

SE:

Standard environment

SHC:

Single housed colony

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Mohamed Shafiullah for his technical assistance and Dr. Mahmoud Hag Ali from the Central Animal Facility for his advice on animal care and welfare. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions have greatly improved this manuscript.

Funding

AB was supported by grants from the United Arab Emirates University (No. NP/13/05) and the National Research foundation (No. 31M082). The funders had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.

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  1. College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE

    Amine Bahi

  2. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE

    Amine Bahi

  3. Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Jean-Luc Dreyer

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Bahi, A., Dreyer, JL. Environmental enrichment decreases chronic psychosocial stress-impaired extinction and reinstatement of ethanol conditioned place preference in C57BL/6 male mice. Psychopharmacology 237, 707–721 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05408-8

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