Abstract
Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, effects of acrylamide on p53 protein and intracellular signal transducting pathways were examined. Acrylamide increased p53, phosphorylated p53, and p53-associated protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The phosphorylation of p53 was specific for the Ser15 site. Among mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), acrylamide caused phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Nevertheless, blocking p38 pathway by LL-Z1640-2 did not suppress the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15. In contrast, a specific inhibitor of ERK kinase (U0126 or PD98059) could abolish the accumulation as well as the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15. Elevation of MDM2 was also abolished by U0126. An inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) pathway (wortmannin) suppressed the increase of p53 and its phosphorylation at Ser15. Hence, acrylamide increases p53 protein and its phosphorylation at Ser15 through ERK and/or PIKK pathways. On the other hand, U0126 and PD98059 suppressed to some extent the cytotoxicity of acrylamide evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, whereas neither LL-Z1640-2 nor wortmannin was effective in suppressing the toxicity. Thus, ERK pathway seems to play a role both in causing the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and in the cytotoxicity of acrylamide in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Tsutomu Sugiura (Department of Immunology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health) for his help. We gratefully acknowledge receipt of LL-Z1640-2 from Dr. Kenji Takehana and Dr. Tsuyoshi Kobayashi (Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan). This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. To the best of our knowledge, our experiments comply with the current laws of Japan.
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Okuno, T., Matsuoka, M., Sumizawa, T. et al. Involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway in phosphorylation of p53 protein and exerting cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) exposed to acrylamide. Arch Toxicol 80, 146–153 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-005-0022-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-005-0022-8