Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a tumour promoter that induces apoptosis in several cell models. Following previous findings, the objective of this work was to elucidate the pathways involved in OA-triggered apoptosis in BE(2)-M17 cells by using a combination of pharmacological agents and apoptosis-related assays. OA-induced apoptosis involves disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton, activation of caspase-3, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and decreased levels of monomeric Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. All the agents tested were unable to obliterate changes in F-actin levels, caspase-3 activation or DNA fragmentation, but all of them prevented OA-induced decrease of mitochondrial potential and changes in Bax/Bcl-2 levels. Taken together, these results demonstrate that collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential is accessory in the execution of apoptosis, which is directly dependent on cytoskeletal changes. Mitochondrial changes are mediated by complex associations among the Bcl-2 proteins. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria is a late event, occurring 24 h after OA exposure. Moreover, okadaic acid triggers activation of upstream caspases resembling the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank CACTI (Centre for Scientific and Technical Support to Research) of the University of Vigo, Spain, for technical assistance with the confocal microscopy. This work was funded with grants REN2001-2959-C04-03/MAR from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT), Xunta Galicia (PGIDT99INN26101 and PGIDT00MAR26101PR), and MCYT(DGI) BMC2000-0441. The experiments complied with the current laws of Spain.
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Cabado, A.G., Leira, F., Vieytes, M.R. et al. Cytoskeletal disruption is the key factor that triggers apoptosis in okadaic acid-treated neuroblastoma cells. Arch Toxicol 78, 74–85 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0505-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0505-4