Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic, carcinogenic, and persistent in the environment and are therefore of great concern in the environmental protection field. Due to the inherent recalcitrance, persistence and nonreactivity of PAHs, they are difficult to remediate via traditional water treatment methods. In recent years, microbial remediation has been widely used as an economical and environmentally friendly degradation technology for the treatment of PAH-contaminated water. Various bacterial and microalgal strains are capable of potentially degrading or transforming PAHs through intrinsic metabolic pathways. However, their biodegradation potential is limited by the cytotoxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons, unfavourable environmental conditions, and biometabolic limitations. To address this limitation, microbial communities, biochemical pathways, enzyme systems, gene organization, and genetic regulation related to PAH degradation have been intensively investigated. The advantages of algal–bacterial cocultivation have been explored, and the limitations of PAHs degradation by monocultures of algae or bacteria have been overcome by algal–bacterial interactions. Therefore, a new model consisting of a “microalgal–bacterial consortium” is becoming a new management strategy for the effective degradation and removal of PAHs. This review first describes PAH pollution control technologies (physical remediation, chemical remediation, bioremediation, etc.) and proposes an algal–bacterial symbiotic system for the degradation of PAHs by analysing the advantages, disadvantages, and PAH degradation performance in this system to fill existing research gaps. Additionally, an algal–bacterial system is systematically developed, and the effects of environmental conditions are explored to optimize the degradation process and improve its technical feasibility. The aim of this paper is to provide readers with an effective green and sustainable remediation technology for removing PAHs from aquatic environments.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), China, for providing the facilities necessary to perform the literature review presented in this paper.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50578151) and the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2015ZX07406-005; 2016YFC0209205).
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MW: conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, writing—review and editing. QY: conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing and editing. WZ: data management, resources and surveys. TH: visualize, writing and editing. LR: investigation, writing and editing.
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Wang, M., Zhang, W., He, T. et al. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments by a symbiotic system consisting of algae and bacteria: green and sustainable technology. Arch Microbiol 206, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03734-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03734-2